“水晶宫”灵沼轩与其“东方”元素  

Lingzhaoxuan, the ‘Crystal Palace’ and Its Appropriation of ‘Oriental’ Influences

作　　者：吴涛 Wu Tao(East Asian Art History at Heidelberg University,Germany,Heidelberg 69117)

机构地区：[1]德国海德堡大学东亚艺术史系,海德堡69117

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2021年第4期97-105,共9页Heritage Architecture

摘　　要：北京故宫博物院延禧宫院内的灵沼轩为1909年始建的金属玻璃砖石结构建筑。文章将触及灵沼轩中外文化交流的议题,首先讨论玻璃在晚清西式园林中建筑的运用和灵沼轩得名"水晶宫"及"西洋楼"的背景,进而提出这种对其建筑特点简单化的定义事实上忽视了其成型时的全球化背景。将灵沼轩放置到全球工业革命的语境下,可见其建筑结构与19世纪中到20世纪初欧美国家万国博览会上的"印度亭""锡兰亭"等"东方建筑"相似,即借用了殖民主义建筑理解下的印度拉杰普特(Rajput)和莫卧儿(Mughal)的建筑元素。This article investigates the cultural exchange involving Lingzhaoxuan(Pavilion in the Numinous Pond), an iron-and-glass construction located in Yanxi Palace in the Imperial Palace of Beijing,which was constructed in 1909. The article first examines the application of glass in the Western-style garden architecture of late Qing China, explaining why Lingzhaoxuan was called the ‘Crystal Palace’and ‘Occidental Building’. Second, it argues that defining Lingzhaoxuan’s architectural features in such simplistic terms overlooks the globalising context that brought it into being. This amalgam of different architectural styles bears an uncanny resemblance to specimens of ‘Oriental’ architecture such as the Pavilion of India and the Ceylon Pavilion vaunted at world exhibitions in Europe and North America of the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Such structures frequently appropriated Rajput and Mughal architectural aesthetics from India and other Muslim countries.

关 键 词：灵沼轩 金属玻璃建筑 万国博览会 殖民主义建筑 “东方”元素 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-86[艺术—艺术设计]