基于搅拌摩擦的金属固相增材制造研究进展  

Research progress of metal solid phase additive manufacturing based on friction stir

作　　者：石磊[1,2] 李阳[1] 肖亦辰[1] 武传松 刘会杰[2] SHI Lei;LI Yang;XIAO Yichen;WU Chuansong;LIU Huijie(Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education),Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,济南250061 [2]哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《材料工程》2022年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51905309,52035005);哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室开放课题(AWJ-21M16)。

摘　　要：基于搅拌摩擦的固相增材制造是大型轻质合金构件成形制造的新技术,已成为国内外先进成形制造领域研究的热点之一。本文对目前国内外基于搅拌摩擦的金属固相增材制造技术及其相关工艺机理的研究现状进行了分析和总结。常见的基于搅拌摩擦的固相增材制造技术可分为三类:基于搅拌摩擦搭接焊原理,使板材逐层堆积,从而获得增材构件的搅拌摩擦增材制造(friction stir additive manufacturing,FSAM)技术;采用中空搅拌头,通过添加剂(粉末或丝材)进行固相搅拌摩擦沉积的增材制造(additive friction stir deposition,AFSD)技术;采用消耗型棒材,通过棒材的摩擦表面处理,形成增材层的摩擦表面沉积增材制造(friction surfacing deposition additive manufacturing,FSD-AM)技术。重点分析了金属材料基于搅拌摩擦的固相增材制造技术的国内外研究与应用现状,对比了三类基于搅拌摩擦的固相增材制造技术的特征及其工艺优缺点。最后指出增材工艺机理、形性协同控制、外场辅助工艺改型、新材料应用和人工智能优化是基于搅拌摩擦的固相增材制造技术未来研究的重点方向。Solid phase additive manufacturing based on friction stir is a new technology for manufacturing of large lightweight alloy components,which has become one of the hot research topics in advanced manufacturing field at home and abroad.The research status of metal solid phase additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir and related process mechanism were analyzed and summarized.The solid phase additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir can be divided into three categories.One is friction stir additive manufacturing(FSAM),which is based on the principle of friction stir lap welding,the plates are stacked layer by layer.Another is additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)technology,which usually uses a hollow tool to conduct AFSD by additive powder or wire through the hollow.The third one is friction surfacing deposition additive manufacturing(FSD-AM)technology,which is based on the principle of friction surfacing by using a rotating consumable bar to deposit materials to form the designed components.The research and application status of solid phase additive manufacturing technology of metal materials based on friction stir were analyzed,and the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of solid phase additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir were compared.Finally,the future research direction of solid phase additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir was proposed,including revealing their process mechanism,integrated controlling of the formation and property of the AM components,modifying the process assisted with second energy,application of new materials and optimization with artificial intelligence,etc.

关 键 词：增材制造 固相增材制造 搅拌摩擦增材制造 搅拌摩擦沉积增材制造 摩擦表面沉积增材制造 

分 类 号：TG44[金属学及工艺—焊接]