谷子株高及穗部性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析  

Analyzing Genetic Effects for Plant Height and Panicle Traits by Means of the Mixed Inheritance Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene in Foxtail Millet

作　　者：郭淑青 宋慧[2] 杨清华[1] 高金锋[1] 高小丽[1] 冯佰利[1] 杨璞[1] GUO ShuQing;SONG Hui;YANG QingHua;GAO JinFeng;GAO XiaoLi;FENG BaiLi;YANG Pu(College of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Institute of Millet Crops,Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,Henan)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]安阳市农业科学院谷子研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第24期5177-5193,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2019YFD1000702,2019YFD1000702-4,2020YFD1000800,2020YFD1000803);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-A26);陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系(NYKJ-2018-YL19)。

摘　　要：【目的】株高和穗部性状是影响谷子产量的关键性状。探究谷子株高及穗部性状表型变异的遗传规律,为相关性状的遗传改良与基因定位提供参考依据。【方法】以谷子优质品种豫谷18为共同父本,分别与黄软谷和红酒谷杂交,构建2个分别包含250个家系的重组自交系F7群体(YYRIL和YRRIL)。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对YYRIL和YRRIL群体在2个环境下的株高、穗长、穗下节间长、穗码数、穗粒重等5个农艺性状的表型数据进行遗传分析。【结果】5个性状在所有环境中均表现连续变异且存在超亲分离现象,峰度和偏度绝对值小于1,近似正态分布,呈现数量性状的典型遗传特点。性状间相关性分析表明株高与穗长、穗下节间长在所有环境中均呈极显著正相关,穗码数与穗粒重呈极显著正相关。遗传模型分析显示YYRIL和YRRIL群体株高的最适遗传模型分别为PG-AI和PG-A多基因模型,多基因遗传率分别为95.15%和91.27%。2个群体穗码数的最适模型均为PG-AI,多基因遗传率为70.07%—71.58%。穗下节间长在2个群体的最适遗传模型分别为4MG-CEA和3MG-CEA,均为等加性主基因模型。穗下节间长在YYRIL群体的主基因遗传率为9.69%,4对主基因加性效应值相等,均为-0.34,具有负向效应;穗下节间长在YRRIL群体的主基因遗传率为45.78%,3对主基因加性效应值相等,均为1.17,具有正向效应。穗长在YYRIL群体的最适模型为MX2-ED-A,即2对显性上位主基因+加性多基因模型,主基因遗传率为43.56%,多基因遗传率为50.56%。控制穗长的2对主基因加性效应值分别为-1.21、1.68,多基因加性效应较小,为-0.0017;穗长在YRRIL群体的最适模型为MX2-AE-A,即2对累加作用主基因,加性多基因混合遗传模型;穗长的主基因遗传率为46.40%,多基因遗传率为46.91%。控制穗长的第1对主基因加性效应值为1.53,具有正向效应,第1对主基因加性×第2对主基�【Objective】Plant height and panicle traits are key yield-dependent traits in foxtail millet.The objective was to probe into inheritance patterns of plant height and panicle traits and provide a reference basis for genetically improving related traits and mapping their genes.【Method】Yugu 18,a high performing foxtail millet variety,was arranged as the male parent to cross two foxtail millet varieties,Huangruangu and Hongjiugu,and thus two F7 populations of which each was composed of recombinant inbred lines involving 250 family lines(YYRIL and YRRIL)were established.Phenotypic data of Five agronomic traits of the two populations,plant height,panicle length,internode length under panicle,spikelet number per panicle and grain weight per panicle,were genetically examined in two different environments using the mixed inheritance model of major gene plus polygene.【Result】In these two environments,all the five agronomic traits showed continuous variations with their kurtosis and skewness values standing at the absolute value of less than 1 and thus presenting a distribution close to a normal distribution,were characterized by typical inheritance of quantitative traits;some of these traits saw super-parent separation phenomena.The correlation analysis among the traits showed that the plant height appeared significantly and positively correlated with the panicle length,and an extremely significantly positive correlation between spikelet number per panicle and grain weight per panicle was also found in the two environments.The analysis by the inheritance model showed that the best inheritance models for the plant height of the YYRIL and YRRIL population were the PG-AI and PG-A polygene models,and the heritability of the polygenes standing at 95.15%and 91.27%,respectively.The best inheritance models for the spikelet number per panicle of the two populations were the PG-AI,with the heritability of the polygenes standing at 70.07%-71.58%.The best inheritance models for the internode length under panicle of the two

关 键 词：谷子 重组自交系 株高 穗部性状 主基因+多基因 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]