基于线粒体DNA D-loop区的肉鸡品种遗传多样性和起源分析  

Genetic Diversity and Origin Characteristics of Chicken Species Based on Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region

作　　者：唐修君 樊艳凤 贾晓旭 葛庆联 陆俊贤 唐梦君 韩威 高玉时 TANG XiuJun;FAN YanFeng;JIA XiaoXu;GE QingLian;LU JunXian;TANG MengJun;HAN Wei;GAO YuShi(Institute of Poultry,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225125,Jiangsu;College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院家禽研究所/江苏省家禽遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225015 [2]南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第24期5302-5315,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31702079,31672382,31501917,31372277);江苏省六大人才高峰资助项目(NY-011);江苏省现代农业—重点及面上项目(BE2018363);江苏省家禽遗传育种重点实验室资助项目(JQLAB-ZZ-202002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同生长速度鸡品种(配套系)线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列遗传多样性和起源特性,为肉鸡品种选育和溯源提供理论依据。【方法】以不同生长速度的8个黄羽肉鸡配套系(中快速型5个、慢速型3个)、2个地方鸡种(固始鸡、藏鸡)、2个引进鸡种(隐性白羽鸡、安卡鸡)、1个白羽肉鸡(罗斯308)、817杂交肉鸡以及1个高产蛋鸡配套系(大午褐壳蛋鸡)共计15个鸡种为研究对象,采集血液提取DNA后进行PCR扩增,对15个鸡种共683个个体mtDNA D-loop区全序列进行测序,使用DnaSP 5.10软件分析各个鸡种遗传多样性和单倍型特点,使用MEGA 4.0软件计算种间遗传距离,构建不同单倍型与红色原鸡之间NJ系统发育树,分析起源和亲缘关系。【结果】15个鸡种线粒体D-loop区全序列大小为1231—1232bp,序列长度为1231 bp的个体在859 bp处存在C碱基缺失。683个个体共检测到45个变异位点,组合为53个单倍型,可以分为A、B、C和E共4个单倍型群,其中中快速型肉鸡、817杂交肉鸡以及高产蛋鸡均是E单倍型为优势单倍型(≥48.89%);慢速型黄羽肉鸡中鸿光黑鸡优势单倍型为B单倍型,京海黄鸡优势单倍型为A单倍型,雪山鸡4种单倍型相对均衡,3个慢速型黄羽肉鸡配套系E单倍型比例≤38.46%;地方鸡种中固始鸡的单倍型为A和C型,藏鸡的单倍型为A和B型。15个鸡种单倍型多样度(Hd)分布在0.496—0.853,核苷酸多样度(Pi)分布在0.00146—0.00673,遗传多样性相对丰富的品种(配套系)是新兴矮脚黄鸡、雪山鸡、京海黄鸡和罗斯308;遗传多样性程度相对较低的品种(配套系)是藏鸡、高产蛋鸡、安卡鸡、新兴麻鸡4号和墟岗黄鸡1号。15个鸡种Kiumura双参数距离范围为0.0016—0.0113,其中罗斯308种内遗传距离最大,而817杂交肉鸡和高产蛋鸡的种内遗传距离最小;种间遗传距离最大为高产蛋鸡与藏鸡之间,最小为高产蛋鸡与817杂交肉鸡之间;中快速�【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and origin characteristics of the whole sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region in chicken breeds(complete set line)with different growth rates,so as to provide a theoretical basis for breeding and traceability of broiler breeds.【Method】15 broiler breeds with different growth rates were used as research materials,including eight yellow-feathered broiler lines(5 medium-fast and 3 slow lines),two local chicken breeds(Gushi chicken and Tibetan chicken),two introduced chicken breeds(Recessive White and Anka),one white-feathered broiler(Ross 308),817 hybrid broiler and one commercial layer line(Dawu Brown Eggshell Hens).Chicken blood was collected,and DNA was PCR amplified.The full sequences of mtDNA D-loop region of 683 individuals from 15 chicken breeds were sequenced,and the genetic diversity and haplotype characteristics of each chicken breed were analyzed using DnaSP 5.10 software.The genetic distance between breeds was calculated using MEGA 4.0 software,and then a phylogenetic tree was constructed between different haplotypes and the red original chicken.【Result】The full sequence size of the D-loop region of 15 chicken breeds ranged from 1231 to 1232 bp,and individuals with sequence length of 1231 bp had C-base deletion at 859 bp.45 variant loci were detected in 683 individuals,which were combined into 53 haplotypes and could be divided into four haplotype groups,including A,B,C and E.Among them,the medium-fast broilers,817 hybrid broilers and high-yielding laying hens were all haplotype E as the dominant haplotype(≥48.89%);the dominant haplotypes were B haplotypes for Hongguang black chickens,A haplotypes for Jinghai yellow chickens,and four haplotypes were relatively balanced for Xueshan chickens(the proportion of E haplotypes≤38.46%for three chicken breeds);the haplotypes of local chicken breeds were A and C haplotypes for Gushi chickens and A and B haplotypes for Tibetan chickens.The genetic diversity of the 15

关 键 词：鸡 线粒体DNA D-LOOP区 遗传多样性 遗传起源 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]