农村阶级与农民革命--以毛泽东早期农村调查为中心的分析  

Rural Classes and Peasant Revolution--An Analysis of Mao Zedong’s Early Rural Surveys

作　　者：左雯敏 ZUO Wenmin

机构地区：[1]日本早稻田大学国际学术院,东京1698050

出　　处：《思想战线》2022年第1期118-128,共11页Thinking

摘　　要：在中国共产党革命的早期,如何发动革命是核心问题。毛泽东把马克思主义的“阶级斗争”运用到中国农村。从湖南到井冈山再到赣南,毛泽东进行了大量的农村调查,对于如何在农村划分阶级和发动农民革命逐步形成了成熟的判断。在湖南的农村调查中,毛泽东充分认识到了农民运动的力量,但对于如何划分农村阶级还没有形成准确的认识。在井冈山的农村调查中,毛泽东把小地主和富农作为农村社会的中间阶层,对他们的斗争有所缓和,但却没有找到富农和地主区别对待的依据。在赣南的农村调查中,毛泽东从剥削性质上认清了地主和富农的区别,并制定出了划分农村阶级成分的具体标准,这标志着毛泽东对农村阶级问题的认识已经成熟。此后,毛泽东农村调查的关注点从农村阶级问题变成了基层组织问题。In the early stage of the CPC revolution,a key question is how to get the revolution started.To seek the answer,Mao Zedong applied the Marxist idea of“class struggle”to studies of rural China.He made a lot of surveys from Hunan to Jinggangshan and Gannan,and gradually formed a clear and mature judgement of the rural classes and an understanding of how to start a peasant revolu⁃tion on the basis of such judgement.In Hunan,he learned the power of the peasant revolt,but was not sure about how to divide the rural classes.In Jinggangshan,he designated the small landlords and rich peasants as middle classes and eased struggles against them,but failed to find a proper basis for distinguishing the one from the other.In Gannan,he became fully aware of the difference between the two by taking into account the question of whether or not they exploited the peasants,thus formulated a set of criteria for dividing rural classes.This marked the maturity of his understanding of issues related to rural classes.From then on,he shifted the focus of his rural studies from class distinction to grass⁃roots social organizations.

关 键 词：毛泽东 农村调查 农村阶级 农民革命 

分 类 号：A84[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]