从日本学者对“中国”一词诠释的嬗变探索日本的“自我定位”  

Japan’s“Self-Positioning”Viewed from the Changes in the Japa⁃nese Scholars’Interpretations of the Word“China”

作　　者：王冠玺[1] WANG Guanxi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《思想战线》2022年第1期149-162,共14页Thinking

摘　　要：日本人的国民性所体现出的“缘人”特征与武士道精神,对上下位序非常敏感;自我定位对日本人十分重要,因为上下位序是通过自我定位而决定的。传统华夷秩序所体现的位序,乃中国在上,日本在下。日本的儒学者对传统“中国”一词所预设的华夷之辨与东亚政治秩序,不管是在“文化认同”或“政治认同”上,均难以接受。通过不断地对“中国”一词提出臆想性的解释,日本的儒学者缓解了“文化自我”与“政治自我”割裂所造成的自我定位困境,并让中国经典得以适应于日本的整体文化(自信)之中。日本的国学者排斥儒释文化,认为必须立足于日本的价值之上,才能够认识到中国的“道”误在何处。日本学者对“中国”一词诠释的嬗变,对日本人的自我定位与国际关系,均带来重大影响。The“Yuan Jen”attributes and the bushido spirit in the national character of the Jap⁃anese make them highly sensitive to what is“upper”and what is“lower”in the order of things.Self-positioning is very important to the Japanese,for it gives them a sense of where they stand.In the traditional huayi order,China stands in the“upper”position,and Japan,the“lower”position.The Confucian Japanese scholars find it hard to accept the differentiation between the hua(Chinese)and yi(savage)and the political order of East Asia either on account of their“cultural identity”or“political identity”.By making speculative interpretations to the word“zhongguo”(China)they lifted themselves out of the dilemma of self positioning caused by the split of the“cultural self”and“political self”so as to fit the Chinese classics into the overall framework of the Japanese culture.They reject the Confucian and Buddhist culture,believing that they can find out what is wrong with the Chinese“dao”by rooting themselves on the values of the Japanese culture.Their interpretations of the word China have exerted a great impact on the self-positioning of the Japanese as well as on inter⁃national relations.

关 键 词：儒学者 国学者 华夷秩序 缘人 武士道 

分 类 号：G1[文化科学]