不同栽培模式下半干旱区玉米籽粒形成和叶片对光与CO_(2)响应特性  

Characteristics of grain formation and leaf response to light and CO_(2) in semi-arid region under different cultivation patterns

作　　者：徐晨[1] 张丽华[1] 赵洪祥[1] 闫伟平[1] 刘晓龙 孙宁[1] 李斐 谭国波[1] 李前[1] 边少锋[1] 张治安[3] XU Chen;ZHANG Lihua;ZHAO Hongxiang;YAN Weiping;LIU Xiaolong;SUN Ning;LI Fei;TAN Guobo;LI Qian;BIAN Shaofeng;ZHANG Zhian(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China;College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China;College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院,江西宜春336000 [3]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第1期1-10,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目博士后基金(CXGC2021RCB002);吉林省农业科技创新工程项目人才基金(CXGC2020RCG009);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300205,2017YFD0300605);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-42)。

摘　　要：为探究半干旱区优化栽培模式下玉米籽粒形成及叶片对光与CO_(2)的响应机制,进行2 a的大田试验,设置对照模式(CK)、农户习惯模式(T1)和优化栽培模式(T2)3种栽培模式,研究不同栽培模式对玉米籽粒灌浆特性、产量形成、叶片光合响应曲线及相关参数的影响。结果表明:T2处理在吐丝后各生育阶段的百粒质量和平均灌浆速率均显著高于T1和CK处理,与CK和T1处理相比,T2处理的2 a平均灌浆速率分别增加了31.58%、18.00%和30.77%、9.80%,T2处理的灌浆速率在吐丝后20~30 d达到最大值,并显著高于T1和CK处理,与CK和T1处理相比,2 a分别增加33.91%、10.04%和26.28%、14.99%;T2处理的产量显著高于T1和CK处理,与T1处理相比,2 a分别增加了15.67%和14.03%;3个处理玉米叶片的净光合速率随光照强度增加而增加,当光量子密度超过300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,T2处理的净光合速率要显著高于T1与CK处理;随着生育时期的推进,T2处理的光补偿点量子效率(AQE)显著高于T1与CK处理,在灌浆期(R3)降至3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)间的最低值;T2处理的光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)均显著高于T1与CK处理,T2处理LSP与LCP的差值均为最大,2 a 3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)分别达到1871.6、1914.4、1891.9μmol·m^(-2)和1909.7、1848.6、1822.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);CO_(2)补偿点(CCP)、CO_(2)饱和点(CSP)、CO_(2)饱和时最大净光合速率(CSP_(n))和羧化效率(CE)均呈T2>T1>CK,T1与T2处理的CCP均显著高于CK处理,T2处理的CSP均显著高于T1与CK处理,T2处理CSP与CCP的差值更大,2 a 3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)分别达到540.06、558.87、561.19μmol·m^(-2)和539.13、518.54、574.73μmol·mol^(-1);T2处理的CE在R1和R3期均显著高于T1和CK处理;T1与T2处理的Rubisco最大羧化效率(V_(cmax))、最大电子传递速率(J_(max))和磷酸丙糖利用率(TPU)均显著高于CK处理。综上所述,优化栽培模式(T2处理)可维持叶片的光合作用能力,促进�In order to explore the response mechanism of maize grain formation and leaf to light and CO_(2)under optimized cultivation pattern in semi-arid area,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation patterns on grain filling characteristics,yield formation,leaf photosynthetic response curve and related parameters of maize.The results showed that the 100-grain weight and average grain filling rate of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 and CK treatments at each growth stage after silking.The average filling rate of T2 treatment increased by 31.58%,18.00%and 30.77%,9.80%respectively compared with CK and T1 treatments.The grain filling rate of T2 treatment reached the maximum at 20~30 days after silking,which was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments and increased by 33.91%,10.04%and 26.28%and 14.99%in 2017 and 2018 compared with CK and T1 treatments.The yield of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments,and increased by 15.67%and 14.03%respectively compared with T1 treatment.The net photosynthetic rate of maize leaves of three treatments increased rapidly with the increase of light intensity 300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).The net photosynthetic rate of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK.The quantum efficiency of optical compensation dots(AQE)of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatment,and decreased to the lowest value among the three growth stages(V12,R1 and R3)at filling stage(R3)with the development of growth stage.The light compensation point(LCP)and light saturation point(LSP)of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 and CK treatments,and the difference between LSP and LCP of T2 treatment was the largest,reaching 1871.6,1914.4,1891.9,1909.7,1848.6μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)and 1822.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)at three growth periods(V12,R1 and R3)in 2017 and 2018.The CO_(2)compensation point(CCP),CO_(2)saturation point(CSP),maximum net photosynthetic ra

关 键 词：玉米 栽培模式 籽粒灌浆 光合响应参数 半干旱区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]