苜蓿抗寒性对秋季施用钾肥种类及用量的生理响应  

Physiological response of alfalfa cold resistance to types and rates of fall potassium fertilizer application

作　　者：孙明雪 张玉霞[1] 丛百明 夏全超 田永雷 张庆昕[1] 杜晓艳[1] SUN Mingxue;ZHANG Yuxia;CONG Baiming;XIA Quanchao;TIAN Yonglei;ZHANG Qingxin;DU Xiaoyan(College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University/Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region FeedstuffEngineering Technology Research Center, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028041, China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China;Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院/内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028041 [2]内蒙古自治区通辽市畜牧兽医科学研究所,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第1期247-254,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学研究基金项目(2020MS03081);国家自然科学基金(31960352);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0109)。

摘　　要：通过分析施用不同钾肥下的苜蓿越冬器官在低温处理下生理特性的变化,探讨苜蓿抗寒性对秋季施用钾肥种类及用量的响应,以北极熊紫花苜蓿品种为供试材料,于秋季施用K_(2)SO_(4)和KCl两种钾肥,施用量为0、50、100、150、200 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O(用K_(0)、K_(1)、K_(2)、K_(3)、K_(4)表示),于苜蓿越冬前期挖取越冬材料,进行模拟低温处理(4℃,^(-2)0℃),测定苜蓿根颈相对电导率、自由水、束缚水、脯氨酸、游离氨基酸含量。结果表明:KCl和K_(2)SO_(4)两种钾肥,^(-2)0℃处理下苜蓿根颈自由水含量较4℃处理分别降低了11%~26%和9%~51%,自由水/束缚水较4℃处理分别降低了15.09%~53.56%和22.95%~71.98%;KCl和K_(2)SO_(4)两种钾肥,^(-2)0℃处理下苜蓿根颈相对电导率较4℃处理分别增长了129.70%~170.10%和53.39%~143.52%,束缚水含量较4℃处理分别增长了4.89%~88.21%和16.30%~164.49%,游离氨基酸含量较4℃处理分别增长了7.01%~50.32%和6.40%~82.69%,脯氨酸含量较4℃处理分别增长了1.71%~18.10%和3.40%~29.67%;在^(-2)0℃处理下K_(2)SO_(4)肥处理的苜蓿根颈束缚水、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量均高于KCl肥处理,且在K_(3)处理的施肥量为150 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O时束缚水含量、游离氨基酸含量和脯氨酸含量较KCl肥处理分别增长了12.50%、22.32%和1.53%,自由水含量、自由水/束缚水较KCl肥处理分别降低了14.91%和24.71%。因此,秋季施用150 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O的K_(2)SO_(4)肥最有利于苜蓿安全越冬,主要通过提高游离氨基酸、脯氨酸渗透调节物质含量,降低自由水含量和自由水/束缚水,提高苜蓿抗寒性。By analyzing the physiological characteristics of overwintering organs of alfalfa cultured with different potassium fertilizers under low temperature treatment,the response of the cold resistance of alfalfa to the types and amounts of potassium fertilizer applied during fall was discussed.In this experiment,the‘Gibraltar’alfalfa variety was used as the test material.Two kinds of potassium fertilizers,K_(2)SO_(4)and KCl,were applied in fall,and the application rates were 0,50,100,150,200 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O(indicated by K_(0),K_(1),K_(2),K_(3),K_(4)).The overwintering materials were excavated in the early stage of overwintering of alfalfa,and subjected to simulated low temperature treatment(4℃,^(-2)0℃)to determine the relative conductivity of the alfalfa root neck,free water,bound water,proline,and free amino acid content.The results showed that for KCl and K_(2)SO_(4),the free water content of alfalfa root neck at^(-2)0℃was reduced by 11%~26%and 9%~51%,respectively,compared with the cold storage treatment at 4℃,and free water/bound water were reduced by 15.09%~53.56%and 22.95%~71.98%respectively compared with 4℃treatment.For KCl and K_(2)SO_(4),the relative conductivity of alfalfa root neck under^(-2)0℃treatment increased by 129.70%~170.10%and 53.39%~143.52%,respectively,compared with 4℃treatment.The content of bound water was higher than 4℃treatment and increased by 4.89%~88.21%and 16.30%~164.49%,respectively.Free amino acid content increased by 7.01%~50.32%and 6.40%~82.69%compared with 4℃treatment respectively.The proline content increased by 1.71%~18.10%and 3.40%~29.67%,respectively,compared with the treatment at 4℃.The content of bound water,free amino acid and proline in the root neck of alfalfa treated with K_(2)SO_(4)were higher than that of KCl treatment under the low temperature freezing treatment at^(-2)0℃.The bound water content and free amino acid content of the K_(3) treatment were 150 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O.Compared with the KCl treatment,the content and the proline content increa

关 键 词：钾肥 施用量 种类 苜蓿 抗寒性 生理响应 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]