植保无人机喷施纳米农药对棉花蚜虫的防治效果研究  

Control Effect on Cotton Aphids of Nanopesticide Sprayed with Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Cotton Field

作　　者：胡红岩 陈宇楠 宋贤鹏 任相亮 马小艳[1] 马亚杰 王丹 马艳[1] HU Hongyan;CHEN Yunan;SONG Xianpeng;REN Xiangliang;MA Xiaoyan;MA Yajie;WANG Dan;MA Yan(State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期54-60,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801751);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610162021029);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：【目的】通过植保无人机在棉花苗期喷雾,探讨纳米农药在棉田的沉积分布及对棉蚜的防治效果。【方法】采用安阳全丰3WQF120-12型植保无人机在2个飞行高度(1.5和2.5 m)下喷施纳米农药(3.5%啶虫脒·高效氯氟氰菊酯水性制剂)和常规农药(5%啶虫脒+2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯),以诱惑红为雾滴沉积和农药利用率测定的指示剂,采用Image J软件分析雾滴密度和雾滴覆盖率。【结果】植保无人机在1.5和2.5 m飞行高度下喷施常规农药或纳米农药,在棉花上的雾滴沉积密度和覆盖率均无显著差异(P>0.05),但纳米农药的雾滴密度(73.84~95.12个/cm^(2))和覆盖率(1.92%~3.22%)低于常规农药的雾滴密度(108.57~116.59个/cm^(2))和覆盖率(3.86%~4.08%);喷施纳米农药的利用率(2.39%~2.75%)低于常规农药(3.89%~4.09%);纳米农药的雾滴粒径更小,施药后7 d的防效(89.79%~95.23%)显著高于常规农药的防效(70.52%~79.01%)(P<0.05),且在1.5 m高度下对棉蚜的防效达到人工喷雾水平。【结论】在棉花苗期采用植保无人机在1.5 m飞行高度下喷施3.5%啶虫脒·高效氯氟氰菊酯纳米农药可以有效防治棉蚜,可在棉田大面积推广应用。[Purpose]To explore droplet deposition and control effect of nanopesticide on cotton aphids,spray tests were carried out by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in cotton field(seedling stage).[Methods]Nanopesticide(3.5%acetamiprid)and conventional pesticide(5%acetamiprid and 2.5%lambda-cyhalothrin)were sprayed by Anyang Quanfeng 3WQF120-12 UAV under two flight heights(1.5 and 2.5 m).Allura red was used as a tracer in determination of droplet deposition and pesticide utilization.The droplet density and coverage rate were analyzed by image processing software Image J.[Results]There was no significant difference in droplet deposition density and coverage rate on cotton when conventional pesticide or nanopesticide sprayed by UAV at flight height of 1.5 m and 2.5 m(P>0.05).The droplet density(73.84-95.12 cm^(-2))and coverage rate(1.92%-3.22%)of nanopesticide were lower than those of conventional pesticide(108.57-116.59 cm^(-2) and 3.86%-4.08%).The utilization rate(2.39%-2.75%)of nanopesticide spraying was lower than that of conventional pesticide(3.89%-4.09%).Nanopesticide droplets had smaller particle size,and seven days after application,the efficacies of nanopesticide sprayed by UAV(89.79%-95.23%)were signi-ficantly higher than those of conventional pesticide(70.52%-79.01%)(P<0.05).The control effect of cotton aphid reached the level of manual spray at the height of 1.5 m.[Conclusion]In the seedling stage of cotton,3.5%acetamiamidine·beta-cyhalothrin nanometer pesticide sprayed by UAV at a height of 1.5 m can effectively control cotton aphid,which can be widely applied in the field.

关 键 词：植保无人机 纳米农药 飞行高度 棉蚜 防治效果 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]