湖下煤炭开采对湿地生态系统影响的遥感调查——以南四湖为例  

Remote sensing survey of effects on wetland ecosystem of coal mining under lake——taking Nansi Lake as a case

作　　者：吴敏 陈赞旭 张绍良[2] Wu Min;Chen Zanxu;Zhang Shaoliang(Eastern China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau for Non-ferrous Metals,Nanjing 210007,China;School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局,江苏南京210007 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《矿山测量》2021年第6期99-108,共10页Mine Surveying

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51874307)。

摘　　要：煤炭开采对生态系统的影响已经为学界公认,但是湖底下采煤对湿地生态系统是否会产生影响,还缺少研究。为此,以1985~2017年山东南四湖区的5期遥感影像为数据源,采用监督分类分析土地利用变化,建立多波段组合线性回归模型反演水深、水质,计算归一化水体指数(NDWI)和归一化植被指数(NDVI),发现景观格局、水环境及植被变化特征,评估近30年来煤炭湖下开采对南四湖湿地生态系统的影响。结果表明:(1)南四湖区天然湿地(湖泊、河流、沼泽)不断萎缩,人工湿地(灌溉水田和台田鱼塘)急剧增加,但这不是采煤引起的;(2)采煤沉陷增加了水域面积,非沉陷区的水域面积较稳定;(3)水体平均深度从1.93m上升至3.25m,开采沉陷加大了水深;(4)水体叶绿素a平均浓度为19.38~45.85mg/m^(3),沉陷区水体质量和非沉陷区无明显差异;(5)植被平均覆盖度从0.24降至0.18,低植被区域面积上升,这与开采沉陷引起水域面积增大有关。遥感调查发现,湖下采煤会扩大水域面积,加大水深,扩大湿地面积,改善湿地生态系统的自然环境,进而引起生态结构、功能与过程发生变化。Effects of the coal mining on the ecosystem had been recognized academically,but whether the coal mining would affect the wetland ecosystem under the lake was still lack of research.To this end,using the five remote sensing images of Nansi Lake in Shandong from 1985 to 2017 as the data source,using the supervised classification to analyze the land use changes,the multi-band combined linear regression model was established to invert the water depth and water quality,and the normalized difference water index(NDWI)and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were calculated,and the landscape pattern,the water environment and the vegetation change characteristics were discovered,and the effects of the coal mining under the lake on the wetland ecosystem of Nansi Lake were evaluated in the past 30 years.Results showed:(1)the natural wetlands(lakes,rivers and marshes)decreased substantially in study area,while the artificial wetlands(irrigation and aquafarm)increased rapidly,but these were not caused by the coal mining;(2)the water area had increased in the coal mining subsidence,and the water area was relatively stable in the non-subsidence area;(3)the average depth of the water increased from 1.93 m to 3.25 m,and the water depth increased because of the mining subsidence;(4)the average concentration of chlorophyll-a was 19.38~45.85 mg/m^(3) in the water body,there was no significant difference in the water quality between the subsidence area and the non-subsidence area;(5)the average vegetation coverage decreased from 0.24 to 0.18,and the area of the low-vegetation areas increased,which was related to the increase in water area caused by the mining subsidence.Remote sensing survey had found that coal mining under the lake would expand water area,increase water depth,expand wetland area,improve the natural environment of wetland ecosystem,and then cause changes in ecological structure,function and process.

关 键 词：遥感 湖下采煤 景观变化 水环境 植被 南四湖湿地 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] TD167[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]