树形对桃树生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of tree shapes on growth,yield and quality of peach

作　　者：刘丽[1] 李秋利[1] 高登涛[1] 魏志峰[1] 石彩云 王志强[1] 刘军伟[1] LIU Li;LI Qiulia;GAO Dengtao;WEI Zhifeng;SHI Caiyun;WANG Zhiqiang;LIU Junwei(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第1期36-46,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-ZFRI);河南省重大公益科技专项(201300110500)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨中油20号桃不同树形对树体生长、产量和品质的影响。【方法】研究3年生中油20号桃Y字形、主干形、三主枝开心形、四主枝开心形及V字形5种树形的夏季结果枝部位光照度,成熟果实品质及冬季树体结构。【结果】同一树形不同部位的光照度和果实品质均有显著性差异,均为上层>中层>下层,不同树形相同部位间差异不显著。每666.7 m^(2)产量为主干形>V字形>Y字形>三主枝>四主枝。树体的主枝数越多,主干直径越粗,树体越高,冠径越大。总枝量主干形最少,四主枝最多,而每666.7 m^(2)枝量V字形最多,主干形其次。不同树形枝类组成,长枝比例顺序为主干形>V字形>Y字形>三主枝>四主枝,中短枝比例与长枝比例相反。选择了13种指标进行主成分分析,5种树形的优劣顺序依次为V字形、四主枝开心形、三主枝开心形、Y字形、主干形。【结论】V字形树形综合评分最高,产量和每666.7 m^(2)枝量较高、品质表现较好,是适宜标准化栽培的优良树形。【Objective】Although peach industry in China has made great progress,yield and fruit quality improvement remains the focus of fruit research.In order to fully realize the production potential of new varieties,we examined the effects of tree shape on fruit yield and quality of Zhongyou 20 peach,hoping to select the most suitable tree shape for peach production.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in a peach orchard in Yandianzhuang village,Qiaobei Township,Yuanyang City,Henan Province.The trees were 3-year-old,and the experimental plots covered an area of 0.6 hectares.It was planted in north-south rows.The whole orchard was under unified routine soil,fertilizer and water management.Five tree shapes,including Y-shape(Y),trunk shape(Trunk),three main branch open center shape,four main branch open center shape and V-shape(V)were selected for the study.Light intensity was investigated during the canopy formation period in summer;fruit quality was investigated during fruit ripening period,and tree structure was investigated before winter pruning after defoliation.In the middle stage of canopy formation(July),light intensity at different heights(0.5 m,1.0 m,1.5 m,2.0 m and 2.5 m above the ground)in the same direction of tree crown was measured at 8:00,11:00,14:00 and 17:00 with a TSE-1332 digital illuminance meter on sunny days for 3 times at 10-day intervals.The average valued of the results of the 4 time points within a day of the 3 measurements was taken as the light intensity value at different heights during the canopy formation period.The tree crowns with different shapes were divided into four parts:lower layer(<0.8 m above the ground),middle lower layer(0.8-1.6 m above the ground),middle upper layer(1.6-2.4 m above the ground)and upper layer(>2.4 m above the ground).Fruit quality indexes such as fruit weight,fruit hardness,soluble solid content,titratable acid content,vertical and horizontal diameters and fruit color were measured,and tree productivity and yield per 1/15 hectare were investigated.Fruit

关 键 词：桃 中油20号 不同树形 树体结构 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]