拉枝对黔核7号泡核桃叶片营养、成花及坚果品质的影响  

Effects of branch bending angle on leaf nutrition,flower formation and nut quality of Qianhe 7 walnut

作　　者：蔡虎 张文娥[1] 吴浪 樊卫国[1] 王金金 彭剑 江辉 曹景富 潘学军[1] CAI Hu;ZHANG Wen’e;WU Lang;FAN Weiguo;WANG Jinjin;PENG Jian;JIANG Hui;CAO Jingfu;PAN Xuejun(College of Agriculture/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops,Guizhou University,Guizhou 550025,Guiyang,China;Walnut Industry Bureau of Hezhang,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院·贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]赫章县核桃产业发展事业局,贵州赫章553200

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第1期60-67,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：贵州林业科研课题(黔林科合[2021]07号);国家自然科学基金(32060673);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合人才[2016]4038号);贵州省核桃工程技术研究中心子课题(黔科合平台人才[2019]5202-6号);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究拉枝对泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)生理生长、成花坐果和坚果品质的影响。【方法】以黔核7号为试材,以自然生长开张角度在30°~35°之间的枝条为对照(CK),设置拉枝60°、90°和110°3个处理,统计拉枝后枝条的数量和类型、成花数和坐果数,计算坐果率,测定叶片的光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶片的营养元素含量和坚果品质。【结果】拉枝90°时显著提高了黔核7号的总枝条数、短枝数和中长枝数,与对照相比分别提高了36.8%、64.0%和81.0%;并且,拉枝90°时雌花数、坐果数、坐果率达到最大值,比对照组分别提高了206.6%、231.1%和14.1%;树体内膛、中部和外围的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量在拉枝90°时达到最大值,拉枝90°和110°能够显著降低中部和外围叶片的胞间CO2浓度;叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素含量在拉枝90°时也有不同程度的增加;拉枝在不明显改变黔核7号的纵径、横径、果形指数、壳厚、出仁率的情况下,能够促进其核仁质量、蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的积累,其中,只有拉枝90°显著增加了黔核7号的单果质量,比对照提高了6.0%。【结论】拉枝90°能够增加黔核7号泡核桃的叶片养分含量,促进成花和坐果,并提高坚果品质。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of branch bending angle on physiological growth,flower and fruit setting and fruit quality of Juglans sigillata Dode in order to provide scientific basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Qianhe 7.【Methods】In 2017,the high-quality and late fruiting walnut Qianhe 7 was used as the test material,and the branches with natural growth and opening angle between 30°-35°were used as the control(CK).Except for the central trunk,the other branches were bended to 60°,90°and 110°respectively.In November 2018,the branch lengths of each treatments,were measure and the branches were divided into 3 groups,that is,long branch(>30 cm),medium branch(15-30 cm)and short branch(<15 cm).In the middle of April 2018,the number of female flower buds and male flower buds on walnut trees were investigated and the ratio of the male flower buds to the female flower buds was calculated.The number and type of branches after branch pending,the number of flowers and fruit setting were counted,and the fruit setting rates were calculated.On August 24,2018,the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves in the inner,middle and outer parts of trees were measured by portable Li-6400 photosynthetic apparatus and the contents of chlorophyll a,b and carotenoid were determined by spectrophotometry.The contents of N in the leaves were determined by Kjeldahl method,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn and Cu in the leaves were determined by vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetry,and the contents of Zn in the leaves were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The crude fat content of walnut nut was determined according to GB 5009.6—2016,and the protein content was determined according to GB 5009.5—2016.【Results】Only the number of the medium and the long branches increased significantly when the branches were bended at 60°in previous year.The total number of branches,the number of short branches and the number of medium and long branches of Qianhe 7 increased significantly when the br

关 键 词：泡核桃 拉枝 光合特性 成花 坚果品质 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]