不同头水灌溉时间对宁夏灌区春小麦生长发育及产量的影响  

Effect of Different First Irrigation Time on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat in Ningxia Irrigation Area

作　　者：胡宏远 南学军 马国飞[1,2] HU Hong-yuan;NAN Xue-jun;MA Guo-fei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristics Agriculture in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象科研所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第12期42-47,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所基本科研业务项目(2018)。

摘　　要：以永春4号为试验材料,在分蘖到拔节期,设置常规渠水灌溉为CK(4月29日)、T1(4月28日头水灌溉)、T2(4月24日头水灌溉)、T3(4月19日头水灌溉)和T4(5月10日头水灌溉)共5个处理,研究了不同头水灌溉时间对宁夏灌区春小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:T1、T2、T3处理均能显著增加小麦穗长、穗重、茎秆重、小穗数、穗粒数及穗粒重,并显著降低了不孕小穗数、不孕小穗率、穗秆比,产量分别比CK显著增加0.23%、11.46%、18.75%。而T4处理则不利于小麦生产发育,减产21.98%。由此可知,以T3的处理效果最为理想,在显著增产的同时,能显著增加小麦株高、密度、干物质积累及灌浆速率。这表明提前灌头水均有利于宁夏灌区春小麦生长及产量的提高,且以提前10 d灌头水的效果最理想。“Yongchun No.4”was used as the experimental material,and five treatments,including CK(conventional canal irrigation,first irrigation on April 29),T1(first irrigation on April 28),T2(first irrigation on April 24),T3(first irrigation on April 19)and T4(first irrigation on May 10)were set up from tillering to jointing stage.The effects of first irrigation time on growth and yield of spring wheat in Ningxia irrigation area were studied.The result showed that T1,T2 and T3 increased significantly spike length,spike weight,stalk weight,spikelet number,grain number per spike and grain weight per spike,and reduced significantly the number of infertile spikelets,infertile spikelet rate and spike stalk.Compared with CK,the yield increased significantly by 0.23%,11.46%and 18.75%respectively,while T4 treatment was not conducive to the development of crop yields,resulting in a yield reduction of 21.98%.In the experiment,the effect of T3 treatment was the most ideal,which could significantly increase yield,wheat plant height,density,dry matter accumulation and filling rate.It showed that irrigating in advance was beneficial to the growth and yield of spring wheat in Ningxia Irrigation Area,and the effect of irrigating 10 days in advance was the most ideal.

关 键 词：宁夏灌区 头水 春小麦 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]