云南省2001―2015年东亚屋顶鼠体表螨类生态学分析  

Ecological analysis of mites on the body surface of Rattus brunneusculus in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2015

作　　者：陈雁翎 郭宪国 任天广 赵成富 范蓉 毛珂玉 黄晓宾 CHEN Yan-ling;GUO Xian-guo;REN Tian-guang;ZHAO Cheng-fu;FAN Rong;MAO Ke-yu;HUANG Xiao-bin(Vector Laboratory,Institute of Pathogens and Vectors,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Dali University,Yunnan 671000,China;Nursing College of Dali University,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学病原与媒介生物研究所云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,大理671000 [2]大理大学护理学院,大理671000

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2021年第12期1470-1475,共6页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81960380,81672055);大理大学创新团队项目(ZKLX2019104)。

摘　　要：目的探讨东亚屋顶鼠体表螨类感染状况、分布规律以及革螨和恙螨两大类群之间的相互关系。方法采用描述流行病学方法对云南省2001―2015年19个县(市)积累调查资料进行描述分析。结果从19个县(市)所捕获的308只东亚屋顶鼠体表采集到螨类5 252只,鉴定为6科3亚科29属151种,恙螨个体数(3 836只)和种类数(117种)明显多于革螨个体数(1 416只)和种类数(34种)。总感染率P_(M)=85.06%,总平均多度M_(A)=17.05螨/鼠,总感染度M_(I)=20.05螨/鼠。纳氏厉螨(C_(r)=11.21%)、小板纤恙螨(C_(r)=11.88%)和攸氏无前恙螨(C_(r)=10.72%)为优势螨种,其分布型指标(C_(A)、I、K)大于聚集分布型判定界值,呈聚集分布。雌鼠总感染率(P_(M)=45.45%)高于雄鼠(P_(M)=39.61%;χ^(2)=7.506,P=0.008)。成年鼠总感染率(P_(M)=72.40%)和总平均多度(M_(A)=19.08螨/鼠)均高于未成年鼠(P_(M)=12.66%;M_(A)=8.33螨/鼠;P<0.001)。山区景观螨类总感染率(P_(M)=74.35%)和总平均多度(M_(A)=15.38螨/鼠)高于坝区(P_(M)=10.71%;M_(A)=1.68螨/鼠;P<0.001)。革螨与恙螨两大螨类之间呈现一定的负协调关系(V=0.44,P<0.001)。根据Chao1公式,估测出螨类总物种数177种,与实际所鉴定出的151种相差26种。结论东亚屋顶鼠体表螨类种类丰富,感染普遍,3种优势螨种均呈聚集分布型。革螨和恙螨之间呈负协调关系。山区雌性成年鼠感染较高。Objective The present study is to illustrate the infestation and ecological distribution of two groups of mites on the body surface of Southeast Asian house rat(Rattus brunneusculus,R.brunneusculus),together with the relationship between gamasid mites and chigger mites.Methods The original data came from the accumulated field investigations in 30 counties of Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2015.Some ecological methods were used in the statistical analyses.Results A total of 5 252 mites were collected from 308 R.brunneusculus individuals captured in 19 counties(cities),which were identified as comprising 151 species,29 genera and 3 subfamilies under 6 families.The identified 117 species and 3 836 individuals of chigger mites were much more than 34 species and 1 416 individuals of gamasid mites.The infestation of R.brunneusculus with mites was common with 85.06% of overall prevalence(P_(M)),17.05 mites/rat of overall mean abundance(M_(A)) and 20.05 mites/rat of overall mean intensity(M_(I)).Laelap nuttalli(C_(r)=11.21%),Leptotrombidium scutellare(C_(r)=11.88%) and Walchia ewingi(C_(r)=10.72%) were the dominant species of all the collected mites.Three dominant mite species were of aggregated distribution with C_(A),I and K beyond the border values.The prevalence of female rats with mites(P_(M)=45.45%) was higher than that of male rats(P_(M)=39.61%,χ^(2)=7.506,P=0.008).The adult rats showed a higher prevalence(P_(M)=72.40%) and mean abundance(M_(A)=19.08) than the juvenile rats(P_(M)=12.66%;M_(A)=8.33;P<0.001).The rats in the mountainous landscape showed a higher prevalence(P_(M)=74.35%) and mean abundance(M_(A) = 15.38) than the rats in the flatland landscape(P_(M)=10.71%;M_(A)=1.68;P<0.001).A negative association existed between gamasid mites and chigger mites with a negative association coefficient(V=0.44,P<0.001).Based on Chao1’s formula,the total number of mite species on R.brunneusculus was estimated to be 177 species which was 26 species more than the 151 species actually collected in the field investigation.C

关 键 词：蜱螨亚纲 螨 革螨 恙螨 东亚屋顶鼠 生态学 云南省 描述流行病学 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R384.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]