利用多遗传资源大集团混合竞争法选育水稻新品种  

Breeding of New Rice Varieties by Using Multi-Genetic Resources Big Group Mixed Competition Method

作　　者：王成瑷 张文香[2] 赵磊[2] 侯文平[2] 赵秀哲[2] 李岩[2] 高良文[2] 于亚彬[2] 韩霖[2] 曹国鸿[2] WANG Cheng'ai;ZHANG Wenxiang;ZHAO Lei;HOU Wenping;ZHAO Xiuzhe;LI Yan;GAO Liangwen;YU Yabin;HAN Lin;CAO Guohong(Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua 134002;Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Science,Meihekou 135007,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院,吉林通化134002 [2]通化市农业科学研究院,吉林梅河口135007

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2021年第6期1-5,34,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2001AA241015);通化市科技发展项目(2000XM02)。

摘　　要：本研究按照"适者生存,不适者被淘汰"的生物进化原理,把"过度繁殖、遗传变异、生存斗争、适者生存"的自然选择学说应用于水稻有性杂交、定向选择和品质改良中。通过广集国内、外遗传资源,增大组合配置数量,低世代(F_(1))淘汰劣势组合,选择优良组合,把优良组合中选出的个体混合种植成含多遗传资源的大集团(F_(2)),在大集团中按照目标性状和遗传类型选出优良单株;大集团中入选单株(F_(3~5))继续以集团形式(或按照目标性状类型分成子集团)或以株系的形式种植。在目标性状纯化的过程中,优中选优直至性状稳定。按照此方法选育并审定了优质、高产品种"通系103"和"通系140",并创制了一批优良资源作为亲本得以利用,实践证明该方法是水稻有性杂交选育新品种的有效方法,可以达到优中选优的育种效果。According to the biological evolution principle of“survival of the fittest and elimination of the unfit”,the natural selection theory of“overbreeding,genetic variation,survival struggle and survival of the fittest”was applied to sexual hybridization,directional selection and quality improvement of rice.Through the wide collection of domestic and foreign genetic resources,the number of combinations was increased,the inferior combinations were eliminated in low generation(F_(1)),and the superior combinations were selected.The individuals selected from the superior combinations were mixed and planted into a large group containing multiple genetic resources(F_(2)).In the large group,the superior individual plants were selected according to the target characters and genetic type.In large groups,selected individual plants(F_(3~5))continued to be planted in group form(or subgroups according to the type of target traits)or in the form of lines.In the process of purification of target traits,the best plants were selected until the traits were stable.By using this method,the high quality and high yield varieties“Tongxi103”and“Tongxi140”were selected and approved,and created a number of excellent resources as parents have be used.It has been found that this method is an effective method for breeding new varieties of rice by sexual hybridization and can achieve the breeding effect of selecting the best from the best.

关 键 词：水稻 育种方法 生物进化论 混合竞争 新品种选育 

分 类 号：S333.6[农业科学—作物遗传育种]