盐碱胁迫对宁夏水稻籽粒灌浆及穗部性状的影响  

Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Grain Filling and Panicle Traits of Ningxia Rice

作　　者：贺奇[1] 王昕[1] 马洪文[1] 冯伟东[1] 张益民[1] HE Qi;WANG Xin;MA Hongwen;Feng Weidong;ZHANG Yimin(Institution of Crop Research,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750105,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,银川750105

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2021年第6期11-16,69,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重大项目(2019BBF02019);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03153);宁夏农林科学院科技先导资金资助项目(NKYJ-18-15-2)。

摘　　要：选用耐盐碱水稻品种吉粳105和盐碱敏感品种宁粳47号作为试验材料,在3种不同盐碱浓度的土壤胁迫处理下,比较2个水稻品种籽粒灌浆速率、籽粒增重及穗部性状等动态变化。结果表明:在相对盐碱胁迫加重的情况下,2个水稻品种强势粒灌浆速率减慢,开始灌浆时间提早,达到灌浆峰值时间缩短,强势粒增重量减小,随着盐碱胁迫梯度加重,2个水稻品种弱势粒开始灌浆时间推迟。2个水稻品种的强势粒籽粒增重都明显高于弱势粒,吉粳105先于宁粳47号达到干物质积累的高峰。在不同梯度盐碱胁迫下,2个水稻品种的穗部性状均受盐碱胁迫抑制作用明显,相对而言,1次枝梗性状比2次枝梗性状稳定,受盐碱胁迫作用变化不明显,2个水稻品种穗部粒重的减少都受枝梗千粒重及枝梗数减少共同影响。水稻产量及产量构成因素在不同梯度盐碱胁迫下较对照均降低,降低幅度与盐碱胁迫成正比,水稻产量降低主要表现为枝梗数和千粒重的降低。Jijing 105, a salt tolerant rice variety, and Ningjing 47, a salt sensitive rice variety, were used as experimental materials to compare the dynamic changes of grain filling rate, grain weight gain and panicle traits of the two rice varieties under three soil stress treatments with different salt concentrations. The results showed that under the aggravation of relative saline-alkali stress, the filling rate of strong grains in the two paddy varieties slowed down,the time to start filling was earlier, the time to reach the filling peak was shortened, and the weight gain of strong grains decreased. With the aggravation of saline-alkali stress, the time to start filling of weak grains in the two paddy varieties was delayed. The weight gain of strong grains in both paddy varieties was significantly higher than that of weak grains, and Jijing 105 reached the peak of dry matter accumulation before Ningjing 47. Under different saline-alkali stress, the panicle traits of the two paddy varieties were obviously inhibited by saline-alkali stress. The primary branch and stem traits were more stable than the secondary branch and stem traits, and the change was not obvious under saline-alkali stress. The reduction of panicle grain weight of the two paddy varieties was jointly affected by the reduction of 1 000-grain weight and number of branches and stems. Paddy yield and yield components decreased under different gradient saline-alkali stress compared with the control, and the reduction range was in direct proportion to soil saline-alkali stress. The reduction of paddy yield was mainly manifested in the reduction of branch number and 1 000-grain weight.

关 键 词：水稻 盐碱胁迫 灌浆速率 穗部性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]