三峡库区短颌鲚年龄和生长特性的研究  

AGE AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF COILIA NASUS IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR REGION

作　　者：杨丽亚 吕红健 付梅 白云鹏 苏胜齐[1] 姚维志[1] YANG Li-Ya;LÜHong-Jian;FU Mei;BAI Yun-Peng;SU Sheng-Qi;YAO Wei-Zhi(Research Central of Fishery Resources and Environment,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400716

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2022年第1期17-28,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802296);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XDJK2017B005)资助。

摘　　要：为调查短颌鲚(Coilia nasus)在三峡库区的资源现状,自2019年7—12月于三峡库区的长江一级支流澎溪河、梅溪河、草堂河、大宁河共采集短颌鲚样本459尾,用以分析三峡库区现有短颌鲚的年龄结构及生长特征。研究结果显示,三峡库区短颌鲚群体由1—6龄组成,1龄即可达性成熟,群体中1—3龄个体占比90.85%;群体平均体长为(16.57±0.21)cm,平均体重为(19.14±0.78)g;群体的体重-体长关系式为W=0.0038L^(2.957)(R^(2)=0.99),属于异速生长类型;雌性的Von Bertalanffy生长方程为L_(t)=38.567[1–e^(–0.196(t+0.985))],Wt=183.029[1–e^(–0.196(t+0.985))]2.938;雄性的Von Bertalanffy生长方程为L_(t)=34.711[1–e^(–0.26(t+0.603))],Wt=143.599[1–e^(–0.26(t+0.603))]2.995;雌、雄性体重生长的拐点年龄分别为4.62龄和3.62龄。研究结果表明目前三峡库区短颌鲚属个体小型化群体,年龄结构简单,种群数量呈上升趋势,且群体中雌性占比较高,繁殖潜力充足。因此,为保护三峡库区水域生态系统的安全与稳定,需进一步开展有关短颌鲚对三峡库区水域生态系统的影响及其风险评价的研究。Coilia nasus is one of the anchovy species that exclusively lives in freshwater environments,which has been increasing,and its distribution range has been gradually expanding in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region since it was first identified in 2015.Up to now,there was still no research on the resource status,ecological effects,adaptation strategies,and risk assessments concerning Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.In order to investigate age and growth characteristics of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,459 individuals were collected from Penxi River,Meixi River,Caotang River and Daning River from July to December 2019.The results showed that the age of Coilia nasus ranged from 1 to 6,and sexual maturity was reached at the age of 1.The proportion of individuals aged from 1 to 3 years old was 90.85%.The average body length and average weight of sampled individuals were(16.57±0.21)cm(mean±SE)and(19.14±0.78)g(mean±SE),respectively.The relationship between body weight and body length could be expressed as W=0.0038L^(2.957)(R^(2)=0.987).The Von-Bertalanffy growth equations of female and male Coilia nasus were Lt=38.567[1–e^(–0.196(t+0.985))],Wt=183.029[1–e^(–0.196(t+0.985))]2.938(♀)and Lt=34.711[1–e^(–0.26(t+0.603))],Wt=143.599[1–e^(–0.26(t+0.603))]2.995(♂),respectively.The growth inflection points of body weight were 4.62(♀)and 3.62(♂).Moreover,these results indicated that Coilia nasus from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region belonged to a small individual population,which had simple age structure,upward trend in population number,high proportion of females,and abundant reproductive potential.Therefore,in order to protect the safety and stability of the aquatic ecosystem,further studies on the influences and risk assessments of Coilia nasus on the aquatic ecosystem of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region should be carried out.

关 键 词：短颌鲚 三峡库区 年龄 生长 种群发展趋势 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]