饲料脂肪水平对长养殖周期异育银鲫“中科3号”生长和脂代谢的影响  

A LONG-TERM CULTURE OF GIBEL CARP(CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO VAR.CAS III)IN NET CAGES FOR 340 DAYS:EFFECTS OF DIETARY LIPID ON GROWTH,DIGESTIVE ENZYME AND LIPID METABOLISM

作　　者：费树站 巫丽云 郭伟 刘昊昆 韩冬[1] 金俊琰[1] 杨云霞[1] 朱晓鸣[1] 解绶启[1] FEI Shu-Zhan;WU Li-Yun;GUO Wei;LIU Hao-Kun;HAN Dong;JIN Jun-Yan;YANG Yun-Xia;ZHU Xiao-Ming;XIE Shou-Qi(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2022年第1期48-57,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900200);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45-9);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室资助课题(2019FBZ02和2019FBZ05)资助。

摘　　要：实验以初重为(11.33±0.03)g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)为研究对象,分别投喂脂肪水平为4%(L4)、8%(L8)、12%(L12)、16%(L16)和20%(L20)的5种等氮饲料进行为期340d的长养殖周期实验,以探究饲料脂肪水平对长养殖周期异育银鲫生长性能、消化酶活性和脂代谢的影响。期间共取样5次,生长阶段分为63d(D63,幼鱼期)、110d(D110,养成前期)、223d(D223,越冬期)、275d(D275,越冬后)和340d(D340,养成中后期)。实验结果显示,以增重率为评价指标,幼鱼期D63的异育银鲫适宜脂肪水平为8%,养成前期D110的异育银鲫适宜脂肪水平为12%,而其他生长阶段饲料脂水平对增重率无显著影响。饲料脂肪水平对幼鱼期异育银鲫肠道消化酶活性有显著影响,脂肪酶活性随脂肪水平的升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势,幼鱼期(D63)异育银鲫肠道胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性高于越冬期和养成中后期的异育银鲫,表明幼鱼期的异育银鲫对脂肪的利用较低。幼鱼期(D63)异育银鲫脂肪合成相关基因pparγ和fas的表达量饲料脂肪水平升高呈先升高后下降的趋势,且在L8组表达量最高,而脂解基因lpl和cpt1a的表达量在低脂组L4显著低于其他各组。pparγ和cpt1a在越冬后期(D275)的表达量随饲料脂肪水平的升高呈现先上升后下降,而fas表达量在L4组显著高于其他组,表明不同生长阶段异育银鲫对饲料脂肪摄入的响应策略不一致,摄入过高或过低均会导致代谢紊乱。适宜的脂水平(8%—12%)可促进幼鱼期和养成前期异育银鲫的生长,增强脂肪利用率和脂代谢能力,而较大规格的异育银鲫对脂肪的变化不敏感。To investigate the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and lipid metabolism of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio,5 diets were formulated with lipids level of 4%(L4),8%(L8),12%(L12),16%(L16)and 20%(L20),respectively,for a 340-day trial.The initial weight of fish was(11.33±0.03)g,and fish were sampled five times at day 63(D63,the juveniles stage),day 110(D110,the prophase of cultivation),day 223(D223,overwintering stage),day 275(D275,after overwintering stage)and day 340(D340,the middle and late cultivation period),respectively.The results showed that the appropriate dietary lipid level of gibel carp at the juvenile stage was 8%,and the optimal dietary lipid level of gibel carp at the prophase of cultivation was 12%,while there was no significant difference in the dietary lipid demand at other growth stages.Dietary lipid levels significantly affected the intestinal digestive enzymes activity at the juvenile stage of gibel carp.The activity of lipase first decreased with the increase of dietary lipid level and then increased.The activity of intestinal trypsin and amylase in gibel carp at the juvenile stage(D63)was higher than those in the overwintering stage and the middle and later cultivation period,indicating that the lipid demand of gibel carp at the juvenile stage was lower than other stages.The gene expression levels of pparγand fas in gibel carp at the juvenile stage(D63)showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease with the increase of dietary lipid,and the highest gene expression level was in the L8 group.The transcription level of lpl and cpt1a in the L4 group was significantly lower than those in other groups.After overwintering stage(D275),the gene expression level of fas in the L4 group was significantly higher than that of the other group,indicating that fish at different growth stages have different response strategies to lipid intake,and both high lipid or low lipid intake had a negative impact on lipid metabolism of gibel carp.The results sugge

关 键 词：异育银鲫 饲料脂肪 生长性能 消化酶活性 脂代谢 越冬 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]