展枝唐松草生物碱提取工艺优化及杀虫作用分析  

Optimization of Alkaloid Extraction Process and Insecticidal Action Analysis of Thalictrum squarrosum

作　　者：陈凤清[1] 田秀玉 傅玉全 陶震 王寒 秦雯雯 高金秋[1] Chen Fengqing;Tian Xiuyu;Fu Yuquan;Tao Zhen;Wang Han;Qin Wenwen;Gao Jinqiu(College of Life Science,Baicheng Normal University,Baicheng,137000)

机构地区：[1]白城师范学院生命科学学院,白城137000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第24期8323-8329,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810206056,2010206017)资助。

摘　　要：生物碱类成分是唐松草属植物的主要活性成分。为了研究展枝唐松草(Thalictrum squarrosum)的杀虫作用,采用单因素试验、正交优化试验,优化展枝唐松草生物碱提取工艺;选取大麦虫成虫及幼虫、小菜蛾、玉米螟、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾五种昆虫,采用均匀设计法、虫体浸渍法探究生物碱杀虫作用。结果显示,展枝唐松草生物碱最佳提取工艺为:超声时间25 min,超声温度40℃,料液比1:18,乙醇浓度85%;展枝唐松草根、茎、叶中的生物碱对大麦虫成虫及幼虫、小菜蛾、玉米螟、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾都具有一定的杀虫活性,根、茎、叶中生物碱提取物对大麦虫成虫均有较强杀伤作用,虫体死亡率高达100%;根中生物碱粗提物对大麦虫幼虫有较强杀伤作用,虫体死亡率为95%;对小菜蛾有杀伤作用的生物碱粗提物主要存在于茎中,虫体死亡率为90%;叶中生物碱粗提物对玉米螟和棉铃虫有较强杀伤作用,虫体死亡率分别为70%、85%。研究结果为植物源绿色农药的开发与应用提供了参考。Alkaloids are the main active ingredients of Thalictrum plants.In order to study the insecticidal effect of Thalictrum squarrosum,single factor experiment and orthogonal optimization experiment were used to optimize the extraction process of Thalictrum squarrosum’s alkaloids;adults and larvae of barley insects,diamondback moth,corn borer,cotton bollworm,and beet armyworm were selected to explore the insecticidal effect of alkaloids by uniform design method and insect body immersion method.The results showed that the best extraction process is ultrasonic time of 25 min,ultrasonic temperature of 40℃,solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:18,ethanol concentration of85%;the alkaloids in the roots,stems and leaves of Thalictrum squarrosum have certain insecticidal activity against adults and larvae of barley insects,diamondback moth,corn borer,cotton bollworm,and beet armyworm.The alkaloid extracts from roots,stems and leaves have strong killing effect on adult barley insects,and the mortality of insects is as high as 100%;crude alkaloid extracts from roots have a strong killing effect on barley larvae,with a mortality of 95%;crude alkaloids extracts from stems have a strong killing effect on Plutella xylostella,with a mortality of 90%;crude alkaloids extracts from the leaves has a strong killing effect on corn borer and cotton bollworm,with the mortality of 70%and 85%respectively.The results provide a reference for the development and application of plant-derived pesticides.

关 键 词：展枝唐松草(Thalictrum squarrosum) 生物碱 提取工艺 杀虫作用 

分 类 号：TQ458[化学工程—农药化工]