绿色植被蒸腾作用机制及红外辐射特性  

Transpiration and Infrared Radiation Characteristics of Green Plants

作　　者：许卫东 刘君 张拴勤 吴坚业 XU Weidong;LIU Jun;ZHANG Shuanqin;WU Jianye(College of Field Engineering,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,China;Osaka Paint Co.Ltd.of Jiangyin City,Jiangyin 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学野战工程学院,江苏南京210007 [2]江阴市大阪涂料有限公司,江苏江阴214000

出　　处：《陆军工程大学学报》2022年第1期38-43,共6页Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA

基　　金：军内某科研项目(6142206190208)。

摘　　要：实测了南方林地典型8种绿色植被叶片的微结构、蒸腾速率、气孔阻力、表面温度和红外辐射温度,结果表明,植被蒸腾作用的气孔均匀分布在叶片的背面,呈椭圆形,长度在0.01-0.02 mm之间;植被的蒸腾作用日周期变化趋势基本一致,早晨和晚上蒸腾作用弱,中午蒸腾作用达到最高峰;植被叶片的红外辐射温度和叶面温度与环境温度的日周期变化趋势基本一致,不同植被的叶面平均温度相差约1℃左右、平均红外辐射温差约3℃左右,且植被叶面的红外辐射温度随环境温度的变化更加灵敏、响应较快,比叶面真实温度的变化趋势提前约1 h左右。论文建立了叶片稳态能量平衡方程,计算得到叶片蒸腾作用的蒸发潜热在有风和无风条件下对叶片温度产生的影响范围在2~10℃。The microstructure,transpiration rate,transpiration resistance,real temperature and infrared radiating temperature of the leaves of eight typical plants in Southern China were obtained by quantitative measurements.The results show that the oval stomas with diameters of 0.01-0.02 mm are uniformly distributed on the back of leaves.The daily variation of transpiration of the eight plants is consistent:transpiration is weaker in the morning and evening,and the stomas of leaves are kept in shut state,accordingly transpiration resistance is maximum;transpiration achieves the strongest value at noon,and transpiration,resistance is minimum.The daily variation of the real temperature and infrared thermal temperature is consistent with that of ambient temperature.The difference of average real temperature of the eight plants is about 1℃,and the difference of average infrared thermal temperature of the eight plants is about 3℃.The daily variation of infrared thermal temperature is more sensitive and ahead of 1 h than that of the real temperature.The model of the relationship between transpiration and infrared radiation characteristics was established.By calculation,the influence of the latent heat of transpiration on the temperature of leaves with/without wind ranges from 2—10℃.

关 键 词：绿色植被 蒸腾速率 气孔阻力 红外辐射温度 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] Q433