从《11/22/63》看穿越类或然历史小说的叙事特点  

Narrative Features of Time-Travel Alternate History Fiction:A Case Study of 11/22/63

作　　者：李锋 张坤 Li Feng;Zhang Kun(the Institute of Jewish Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,200083;the School of Foreign Studies,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,China,201620)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学犹太研究所,200083 [2]华东政法大学外语学院,201620

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2021年第4期28-34,共7页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“当代美国或然历史小说研究(1945-2015)”(17BWW083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：斯蒂芬·金的或然历史小说《11/22/63》记述了主人公穿越到过去,试图阻止肯尼迪总统被刺的故事,同时展现了这一行为对后续历史和社会的巨大影响。或然历史小说,尤其是穿越题材的作品,常常呈现出异于传统小说的特征——其叙事人的预知、对线性时间的破坏、平行世界的空间感,以及在叙事视角与时空结构上的其他特征,使我们有必要对其采取特殊的解读模式。本文尝试对这部作品的叙事结构进行系统分析,具体涉及其中的叙事视角、叙事人介入、叙事时间与空间等话题,进而探讨蕴含于其中的历史情怀,以及作者对待历史事件与社会现实的立场和态度,以期全面把握穿越类文学作品的表现手法与意识形态内涵。11/22/63, written by Stephen King, is an alternate history fiction which tells the story of a time-traveler’s attempts to prevent the assassination of President Kennedy. It also shows how this action produces tremendous impact on subsequent human history and society. Alternate history fiction, especially when it concerns time travel, often adopts techniques distinct from traditional novels. Featuring narrators’ foresight, a fracturing of linear time, a spatiality informed by parallel universes, and other particularities in terms of narrative perspective and time-space structure, such works require a particular mode of reading. This paper aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the narrative structure of King’s novel, including such topics as narratorial perspective, the narrator’s degree of involvement, and narrative time and space. It then explores the historical sentiments of the novel and the author’s attitude toward historical events and social realities. The purpose is to gain a full understanding of the writing techniques and ideological implications of the time-travel fiction genre.

关 键 词：斯蒂芬·金 《11/22/63》 或然历史小说 时间穿越 肯尼迪遇刺 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]