抽穗期低温胁迫对水稻产量性状及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of Chilling Stress at Heading Stage on Yield Traits and Grain Quality of Rice

作　　者：吕艳梅 周昆 唐善军 高杜娟 张世辉 黄为 何泼 周斌 LYU Yan-mei;ZHOU Kun;TANG Shan-jun;GAO Du-juan;ZHANG Shi-hui;HUANG Wei;HE Po;ZHOU Bin(Hunan Rice Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley,Changsha 410125,PRC;Miluo Agricultural and Rual Bureau,Miluo 414400,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水稻研究所,农业部长江中下游籼稻遗传育种重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]汨罗市农业农村局,湖南岳阳414400

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2021年第12期23-25,29,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省财政专项(2018—2023)。

摘　　要：以水稻品种黄华占和隆晶优570为供试材料,进行抽穗期17℃低温胁迫处理,设置处理时间为1、3、4和7 d,以常温处理为对照,研究抽穗期低温胁迫对水稻干物质积累、光合速率、产量性状和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:抽穗期低温胁迫会严重影响水稻的光合速率,进而降低水稻的干物质积累量、结实率、千粒重以及稻米的精米率、整精米率和直链淀粉含量,造成严重减产,同时抽穗期低温冷害还会提高水稻的垩白度、垩白粒率和蛋白质含量,导致稻米品质下降,且随着低温胁迫时间的延长,其影响越大;2个水稻品种中黄华占的抗低温能力明显强于隆晶优570。Two rice cultivars Huanghuazhan and Longjingyou 570 were used for a chilling stress experiment at heading stage for 1,3,4 and 7d at 17℃by using the normal temperature treatment as control,to study the influence of chilling stress on dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic rate,yield traits and grain quality of rice.The results showed that:(1)Chilling stress at heading stage seriously affected the dry matter accumulation and photosynthesis of rice,further reduced dry matter accumulation amount,seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight,milled rice rate,head rice rate and amylose content,resulting in a large yield loss.At the same time,chilling injury at heading stage also caused the increasing of chalkiness,chalkiness grain rate and protein content,leading to the decrease of grain quality.With the increase of chilling stress days,the negative influence became more serious.(2)The cold resistance of Huanghuazhan is obviously stronger than that of Longjingyou 570.

关 键 词：水稻 抽穗期 低温胁迫 产量性状 稻米品质 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]