贵州蓝莓泌蜜散粉规律及储蜜量研究  

Study on the Volume and Secreting Pattern of Blueberry Pollen and Nectar in Guizhou

作　　者：黎华君[1] 周文才[1] 万炜 李国林[1] 李咏富[1] 韦小平[1] LI Hua-jun;ZHOU Wen-cai;Wan Wei;LI Guo-lin;LI Yun-fu;WEI Xiao-ping(Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agriculture Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Guiyang,Guizhou,550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《蜜蜂杂志》2022年第1期5-8,共4页Journal of Bee

基　　金：黔科合支撑[2019]2270,[2019]2293;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：为了解贵州蓝莓泌蜜散粉规律,客观评估其储蜜量,对贵州省蓝莓主栽品种的花形、泌蜜量与浓度、花粉量与散粉规律、花量进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)蓝莓平均花冠长度为9.83 mm,平均花冠口直径为3.56 mm,不同品种之间差异显著;(2)蓝莓花开的第1〜2d泌蜜总量显著高于第3天,泌蜜高峰出现在上午10:00为33.02+L,之后随着气温升高而降低。花蜜糖浓度随时间延迟而逐渐升高,最高值出现在下午16:00达48%;(3)晴朗天气,设施大棚内外的蓝莓泌蜜量与花蜜浓度无显著差异,但棚内更趋于稳定,棚外波动较大;(4)蓝莓储蜜量大,平均每公顷蓝莓园储蜜4469 L,但受传粉昆虫数量、授粉时间与质量、果园管理及气候等因素影响较大,生产上引蜂授粉采蜜,应综合考虑树龄、传粉昆虫数量、气候等因素。To understand the quantity of the pollen of blueberry,the volume and secreting pattern of nectar,evaluate the nectar storage of blueberry in Guizhou,authors measured the length and diameter of blueberry corolla,tested the volume and secreting pattern of nectar and pollen,analyzed the average number of 5 different blueberry species.Study results showed that(1)the average length and diameter of blueberry corolla was 9.83 mm and 3.56 mm respectively,the number varied largely between different species;(2)the total volume of nectar secreted in the first two days of blossom was significantly larger than that in the third day.While the highest secreting time was around 16:00 pm with the volume of 33.02 p L,the number decreased as the temperature increasing;(3)there was no significant difference between inside and outside of cover net greenhouse during sunny days,however,the secreting patterns inside of the greenhouse were more stable;(4)the nectar storage of blueberry was 4469 L/m^(2) theoretically,but the number was greatly impacted by the population of pollinators,pollinating time and effects,orchard management practices,climate and other factors.

关 键 词：蓝莓 泌蜜散粉 储蜜量 贵州 

分 类 号：S897[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]