明后期江南生员的群体形象——读顾炎武《生员论》  

The Group Image of Shengyuan in Jiangnan Region in the late Ming Dynasty--Reflection on Gu Yanwu's On Shengyuan

作　　者：范金民 Fan Jinmin(School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期104-114,共11页Journal of Jiangsu University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BZS028)。

摘　　要：时当明清鼎革、天崩地坼,熟悉江南地方社会的顾炎武,特意撰写上中下三篇《生员论》,列举生员的种种劣行,主张废天下之生员而官府之政清,废天下之生员而百姓之困苏,废天下之生员而门户之习除,废天下之生员而用世之材出。梳理材料和时人的看法,生员的群体社会形象确如顾炎武所论,并不光彩,明后期的江南生员,利用免役的特权和高于普通平民的社会地位,或买富差贫,诡寄钱粮,或出入公门,勾结胥吏,干预行政,或行为乖张,武断乡里,操持舆论,不少人甚至混迹社会,无恶不作,成为把持地方的邪恶势力。In the transition from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and the social upheavals within,Gu Yanwu,who was familiar with Jiangnan society,wrote three serial articles under the title On Shengyuan to enumerate the various evils of Shengyuan——scholars qualified for local-level Imperial Examination,arguing for depriving their title and privileges to ensure a clean and honest government,help the commons out of predicament,rid of partisan bias and give opportunities to really able people.Relevant materials and opinions at the time showed that the Shengyuan class was really dishonorable as Gu wrote.In the late Ming Dynasty,these scholars,taking advantage of their privilege of being exempted from service and higher social status than the commons,conspired with the rich to levy taxes on the poor,colluded with government officials to intervene with government affairs,pestered the neighborhood and controlled the public opinions,or even messed with the gangsters to become a social evil.

关 键 词：顾炎武 《生员论》 群体形象 江南社会 特权 政论 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]