2016—2020年江苏省农村地区无害化卫生户厕改造效果评估  

Effect evaluation of innocent sanitary toilets improvement in rural areas of Jiangsu Province during 2016—2020

作　　者：丁昕 金小林[1] 茅范贞 张强 徐祥珍[1] 戴洋[1,2] 曹俊[1,2] DING Xin;JIN Xiao-lin;MAO Fan-zhen;ZHANG Qiang;XU Xiang-zhen;DAI Yang;CAO Jun(Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Technology of National Health Council,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Control Technology of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Wuxi 214064,China;Global Health Center of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病预防和控制技术重点实验室,江苏省寄生虫与媒介控制技术重点实验室,江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所,无锡214064 [2]南京医科大学全球健康中心,南京211166

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2021年第6期794-798,共5页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：江苏省“科教强卫工程”项目(ZDXKA2016016)。

摘　　要：目的评估2016—2020年江苏省农村无害化卫生户厕改造的效果。方法从江苏省13个设区市各随机选取1个县(市、区),每个县(市、区)选择2个村,每个村随机选择10户及以上于2016—2020年完成户厕改建的农户,开展入户调查,了解户厕改造的一般情况、化粪池类型、有效容积和第3池粪液去向,采集第1池、第3池粪液样品,检测粪液中粪大肠菌值、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(AN)和寄生虫虫卵等。对调查户进行问卷调查,了解居民对改厕结果的满意度和正确使用粪肥情况。统计2016—2020年评估村当地街道(镇)卫生院所上报的总肠道传染病发病率,收集评估村2015和2020年因肠道传染病所造成的经济支出。第1池和第3池粪大肠菌值、COD、BOD5和AN等指标的比较采用配对t检验。结果累计调查26个行政村共367户农户。化粪池类型以砖砌式和水泥预制式为主,分别占42.7%(157/367)和24.5%(90/367);化粪池有效容积达1.5 m^(3)的占93.0%(279/300);第3池粪液的去向主要为田间施肥(212/290);第1池、第3池粪液中粪大肠菌值分别为(119.8±33.4)、(42.0±18.5)个/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=6.534,P<0.01);第1池粪液BOD5、COD和AN的浓度分别为(354.7±124.8)、(1021.8±352.5)、(119.2±64.3)mg/L,第3池分别为(138.6±62.4)、(531.1±229.6)、(96.3±42.7)mg/L,第1池第3池之间的差异均有统计学意义(t=5.042、9.631、2.455,P<0.01);所有粪液样品均未检获人体寄生虫虫卵。2016—2020年,评估村当地街道(镇)总肠道传染病的发病率由2016年的24.6/10万下降至2020年的4.3/10万。累计完成入户问卷调查305份,居民对改厕相关知识的知晓率为95.1%(290/305),对改厕工作的支持率为100%(303/303),满意率为96.7%(291/301),家中可查阅到宣传资料的占88.5%(270/305),知道使用第3池粪液作肥料的占96.1%(293/305)。2020年评估村由肠道传染病所支出的费用为8.1万元,较2015年的17.6万元�Objective To evaluate the effectivenss of innocent sanitary toilets improvement in rural areas of Jiangsu Province during 2016—2020.Methods Two villages from one county(city,district),which was randomly selected from each of the 13 cities in Jiangsu Province were set as investigating sites.Ten or more households with toilets renovated from 2016 to 2020 were randomly selected from each village for the household site-visit to collect the information of general condition of household toilet reconstruction,the type of septic tank and its effective volume,and the outflow of the fecal fluid of the third compartment.Fecal fluid samples from the first and third compartment were collected to examine the fecal coliform value,five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(AN)and parasite eggs.Household questionnaire was conducted to collect the information of residents’satisfaction with toilet improvement and the way using fecal manure.The overall incidence of intestinal infectious diseases during 2016—2020 was retrieved from the data reported by local township health clinics.Furthermore,the economic expenditures caused by intestinal infectious diseases were also collected in the year of 2015 and 2020 in each investigated village.Paired t test was used for the difference comparison of fecal coliform value,COD,BOD5 and AN between the first and third tank compartments.Results Totally 367households from 26 administrative villages were investigated.The main type of septic tank were constructed with brick and prefabricated cement parts,each type of which accounted for 42.7%(157/367)and 24.5%(90/367),respectively.The septic tanks with effective volume reaching 1.5 m^(3) accounted for 93.0%(279/300).The fecal fluid from the tank-third compartment was mostly used as field fertilizer(212/290).The coliform values of fecal fluid in first and third compartment were(119.8±33.4)and(42.0±18.5)coliform/ml,with significant difference between the compartments(t=6.534,P<0.01).The concentrations o

关 键 词：寄生虫病 无害化厕所 效果评估 江苏省 

分 类 号：R53[医药卫生—内科学]