从“抵斗还官”到“量取息米”:中国古代灾荒赈贷利息策略的演变与道义困局  

From Returning the Official after the Autumn Harvest to Taking an Interest Policy: The Evolution and Moral Predicament of Famine Relief Interest Strategies in Ancient China

作　　者：杨乙丹[1] 乔沁 YANG Yi-dan;QIAO Qin(Institute of Chinese Agricultural History and Culture,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Traditional Agricultural Heritage of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国农业历史文化研究所/农业农村部传统农业遗产重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农史》2021年第6期49-59,71,共12页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国古代灾荒赈贷制度研究”(17XZS035);西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院“凤岗卓越社科人才”(FGZY202002)。

摘　　要：赈贷是与赈粜和赈给平行的救荒举措,旨在满足灾民或贫民借贷口粮、种子、牛具的基本需求。在实施赈贷之际,被救助者的贫困社会属性和救荒的道义正当性,内在地要求官府采取"秋成抵斗还官"措施,不收取放贷利息。但救荒资源的经常性短缺、备荒仓储难以持续运转和日常化赈灾造成的财政压力,倒逼着"量取息米"政策的出台。而收取利息的赈贷行为,又违背了该项制度的设计初衷。从"抵斗还官"和"量取息米"的策略演变,折射出古代灾荒赈贷制度运行的内在道义困局。Loan relief is a famine relief measure aiming to meet the basic needs of disaster victims or the poor in borrowing rations, seeds, and cattle. In the implementation of loan relief, the poor social attributes of the rescued and the moral legitimacy of famine relief internally require the adoption of measures of "returning the official after the autumn harvest" and do not charge loan interest. However, the frequent shortage of resources for famine relief, the difficulty of continuous operation of famine-prepared warehouses, and the financial pressure caused by daily disaster relief have forced to introduce the "taking an interest" policy.However, charging interest on relief loans violated the original intention of the system.The evolution of the strategies reflected the internal moral dilemma of the system in ancient China.

关 键 词：赈贷 利息政策 道义限制 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]