基于功能分析的废旧铅酸蓄电池破拆机设计  

Design of the waste lead-acid battery breaking device based on functional analysis

作　　者：李宏燕[1] 蔡国振 白璟琦 张佃平[1] 吴军 LI Hong-yan;CAI Guo-zhen;BAI Jing-qi;ZHANG Dian-ping;WU Jun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;Ruiyin Science and Technology Share Corporation,Lingwu 751400)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学机械工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏瑞银有色金属科技有限公司,宁夏灵武751400

出　　处：《机械设计》2021年第10期53-58,共6页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03082)。

摘　　要：针对废旧铅酸蓄电池拆解回收中存在机械化程度及拆解效率低,作业车间环境污染较高等问题,设计一种以汽车用铅酸蓄电池为拆解对象的废旧铅酸蓄电池破拆机。基于功能分析研究方法及铅酸蓄电池内部结构分析,确定铅酸蓄电池破拆工艺流程和破拆机的总体功能模型,并对铅酸蓄电池破拆机的驱动机构进行了分析;综合运用形态学方法建立废旧铅酸蓄电池破拆装置形态学矩阵,运用SolidWorks对破拆装置中的夹具机构、锯切机构等关键机构进行了仿真建模。设计的夹具机构以小型液压缸为动力源,采用四连杆平行夹紧机构,最大张开距离为178 mm,最小张开距离为133 mm;锯切机构采用直径为500 mm的左右齿型圆盘锯,选用Y132S-4型电机以V型皮带轮进行传动连接,利用丝杠滑轨组件实现刀具在水平面上X和Y方向的自由移动。设计的试验样机以锯片转速700 r/min,锯切进给速度5.0 mm/s进行锯切试验,结果表明,设计的破拆机能够实现废旧铅酸蓄电池上下壳体与电池腔体的破拆,使铅板与铅泥有效分离;切割后产生的塑料和铅粒颗粒物形态规则均匀,颗粒粒径在6~8 mm之间,在闭式负压箱内进行切割可有效降低铅粉污染,满足回收企业对电池的破拆功能要求。In this article,in order to solve the problems of low mechanization,low breaking efficiency and high environmental pollution in the process of breaking and recycling of waste lead-acid batteries,a breaking device for waste lead-acid batteries is developed which is intended for automotive lead-acid batteries.Based on the functional analysis and the research on the internal structure of lead-acid batteries,efforts are made to explore the breaking process of lead-acid batteries and the overall functional model of the battery breaking device.Then,the analysis is conducted on the driving structure of the breaking device.The morphological method is applied to set up the morphological matrix of the breaking device for waste lead-acid batteries,and the key mechanisms of the breaking device such as the fixture mechanism and the sawing mechanism are simulated and modeled by means of SolidWorks.The clamp mechanism uses a small hydraulic cylinder as the power source,and adopts a four-bar parallel clamping structure with the maximum opening distance of 178 mm and the minimum opening distance of 133 mm.The sawing mechanism uses a left-and-right toothed circular saw with the diameter of 500 mm.The Y132S-4 motor is selected for transmission and connection with a V-typed belt pulley,and free movement of the tools in the X and Y directions on the horizontal plane is realized with the help of the leadscrew slide rail assemblies.The test prototype is used for sawing tests with the sawing blade’s rotating speed of 700 r/min and the sawing blade’s feeding speed of 5.0 mm/s.The results show that the breaking device realizes the breaking of the upper and lower shells of the waste lead-acid batteries,and the lead plate and the lead mud are effectively separated.The plastic and lead particles produced after sawing have regular and uniform shapes,and the particle size is between 6~8 mm.Sawing in a closed negative-pressure box can effectively reduce lead-powder pollution and meet the functional requirements of battery breaking required

关 键 词：废旧铅酸蓄电池 破拆机 结构设计 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]