洪水风险管理理论与技术  

Flood risk management theory and technique

作　　者：李娜[1,2] 王艳艳[1,2] 王静 张念强[1,2] 俞茜[1,2] LI Na;WANG Yanyan;WANG Jing;ZHANG Nianqiang;YU Qian(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2022年第1期54-62,共9页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：水利部水旱灾害防御战略研究人才创新团队项目(WH0145B042021);国家自然科学基金项目(51909273)。

摘　　要：在洪水风险管理理论方面,明晰了洪水、洪水灾害、洪水风险的基本概念、内涵和要素构成,探讨了洪水韧性理念,并提出了狭义洪水韧性和广义洪水韧性。在洪水风险分析技术方面,集洪水淹没分析、洪水影响和损失评估于一体,完全自主研发耦合了降雨产流、一二维水动力模型、地下排水和LID(Low Impact Development)措施模块,实现了地面淹没、地下排水、道路行洪和地下空间进水的全过程同步模拟,支持对多类资产、多种淹没数据源的洪灾损失分钟级快速评估,适用于防洪保护区、蓄滞洪区、城市等多类型区域的洪水风险分析。该项技术已在我国洪水风险图编制、洪水风险评估、洪水影响评价、防洪预案编制、国土空间规划等领域得到广泛应用,为防洪减灾和洪水风险管理提供了有力的技术支撑,发挥了显著的经济和社会效益。This paper clarifies the basic concepts,connotations and elements of flood,flood disaster and flood risk based on the flood risk management theory.In addition,the concept of flood resilience is discussed,and the narrow sense and the broad sense of flood resilience are put forward.In terms of flood risk analysis technique,it integrates flood inundation analysis,flood impact and damage assessment.The flood risk analysis software is completely independently developed and coupled with rainfall runoff generation,one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydraulic model,underground drainage and low impact development(LID)measure module,realizing the whole process synchronous simulation of ground inundation,underground drainage,road flood discharge and underground space water inflow.Furthermore,it supports the minute-level rapid flood damage assessment of multiple types of assets based on multiple inundation data sources.The technique is suitable for flood risk analysis in flood protection areas,flood storage and detention areas,cities and other types of areas and has been widely used in flood risk mapping,flood risk assessment,flood impact assessment,flood control plan preparation,land spatial planning and so on.It has provided strong technical support for flood control and disaster reduction and flood risk management and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：洪水风险 韧性 脆弱性 洪水分析 损失评估 

分 类 号：TV877[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV131.2