山丘区城市实时洪涝分析预警系统研发及应用  

Research and application of real-time flood analysis and early warning system in hilly cities

作　　者：曹大岭[1,2] 李建州 喻海军[1,2] CAO Daling;LI Jianzhou;YU Haijun(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038;Water Affairs Bureau of Qiandongnan Prefecture,Kaili 556000)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [3]黔东南州水务局,凯里556000

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2022年第1期84-89,共6页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务专项(JZ0145B042019);水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心成果转化基金项目(JZ1003A032020);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC502703)。

摘　　要：我国山丘区城市数量多、分布广,一些依山傍水的城市面临江河洪水与山洪灾害的共同威胁,洪水汇流速度快、致灾性强。受暴雨落区时空分布不均、雨洪响应复杂,以及水文站网覆盖密度不足所限,多数山丘河谷区城镇洪涝分析预警能力存在短板。针对山丘区城镇洪涝现状,利用无人机航测采集了试点区高精度下垫面数据,建设了以雷达水位遥测为基础的城区上游报汛站网,构建了精细化水动力耦合模型,开发了集成分析预警系统。系统通过与遥测站网数据耦合联动,实现了洪水演进实时监测、动态分析预警、三维仿真展示和避险转移方案生成,为山丘区城市防汛决策和应急处置提供了一套较为经济、高效的解决方案。There are a large number of cities widely distributed in hilly areas in China.Some of the cities,located at the foot of mountains and near rivers,are threatened by both river flood and flash flood.The flood confluence speed is fast and the disaster is strong.Limited by the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainstorm area,the complex response of rainstorm and flood,and the insufficient coverage density of hydrologic station network,the ability of flood analysis and early warning in most hilly cities have many short boards.In view of the current situation of urban flood in hilly areas,the high-precision underlying surface data of pilot area are collected by UAV aerial survey,the upstream flood reporting sites network based on radar water level telemetry is constructed,the fine hydrodynamic coupling model is constructed,and the integrated analysis and early warning system is developed.By coupling with the sites telemetry data,the system realizes real-time monitoring of flood routing,dynamic inundation analysis and early warning,3D simulation display and evacuation mapping,which provides an economic and efficient solution for urban flood control decision-making and emergency disposal in hilly areas.

关 键 词：防洪减灾 洪水模拟 实时监测预警 机器学习 三维仿真 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]