含硅阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能  

Preparation and Properties of Silicone-Containing Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam

作　　者：赵赫赫 邬素华 崔永岩 ZHAO He-he;WU Su-hua;CUI Yong-yan(Tianjin University of Science and Technology,College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学化工与材料学院,天津300457

出　　处：《塑料工业》2021年第12期18-23,90,共7页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：通过低含氢聚硅氧烷与烯丙基聚醚进行硅氢化反应合成了聚醚改性聚硅氧烷(PESO),通过红外光谱分析仪及核磁共振波谱仪对其结构进行了表征。将PESO与甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)、可膨胀石墨(EG)复配后用于阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF)的制备,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、热重分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、压缩强度和表观密度对PUF的阻燃性能、热性能、泡孔结构、炭层形貌以及物理力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,加入适量的PESO可提高PUF的压缩强度,但是进一步加入DMMP-EG使得PUF的压缩强度减小,表观密度增大。PESO的加入使PUF的泡孔更加致密;当PESO与聚醚多元醇质量比为8∶2,DMMP-EG质量分数为36%时,可以获得综合性能较好的PUF材料,其LOI从18.1%提高到31.8%;800℃的残炭率最高达到26.90%。通过炭层的SEM分析,证明了PESO和DMMP-EG的加入对PUF的阻燃性能有了较大改善。Polyether-modified polysiloxane(PESO)was synthesized by hydrosilation of low-hydrogen polysiloxane and allyl polyether, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and nuclear magnetic resonance.PESO was compounded with dimethyl methyl phosphate(DMMP)and expandable graphite(EG)to prepare flame-retardant polyurethane foam(PUF).The PUF was determined by limiting oxygen index(LOI),thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy(SEM),compressive strength and apparent density.The flame retardant properties, thermal properties, cell structure, carbon layer morphology and physical and mechanical properties of PUF were studied.The results show that adding an appropriate amount of PESO can increase the compressive strength of PUF,but when further adding DMMP-EG,the compressive strength of PUF is reduced and the apparent density is increased.The addition of PESO makes the cells of PUF more compact.When PESO∶polyether polyol is 8∶2 and the addition amount of DMMP-EG is 36%,a PUF material with better comprehensive performance could be obtained, and it has an oxygen index increasing from 18.1%to 31.8%.The highest carbon residual rate at 800 ℃ is 26.90%.SEM analysis of the carbon layer proves that the addition of PESO and DMMP-EG has greatly improved the flame retardant properties of PUF.

关 键 词：聚氨酯泡沫塑料 聚醚改性聚硅氧烷 甲基磷酸二甲酯 可膨胀石墨 阻燃 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]