“三孩政策”背景下中小学女教师生活现状及生育意愿研究  

A Study on the Life Status and Childbearing Willingness of Female Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools under the Background of the"Three-Child Policy"

作　　者：贾萌萌 郑新蓉[1] JIA Mengmeng;ZHENG Xinrong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,100875

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2022年第1期66-74,共9页Journal of China Women＇s University

摘　　要：教师职业群体具有较高的女性比例与年轻化发展趋势,收入待遇相对稳定,受教育程度相对较高,是具备较好养育素质与能力的育龄群体。研究采取问卷法,收集了1907名女教师在工作、生活、婚姻、生育方面的现状与意愿,发现女教师整体的三孩生育意愿不超过4%,具有三孩生育意愿的女教师一半以上是少数民族;四分之一无职务女教师不想生育,三成未婚女教师不想生育;半数女教师配偶与其生育意愿保持一致;男教师整体的生育意愿高于女教师,二孩意愿占比最高;经济、教育、住房、工作强度是影响女教师生育意愿的重要因素;“儿童价值至上”的教养观念加重了女教师的养育负担。因此建议从开展育儿假、完善乡村学校基础设施建设、优化师资结构、扩大托育服务供给、转变教养观念、平衡教师工作与生活六点入手,构建生育友好型社会,推进三孩生育政策及配套支持措施的落实。The teacher group has a relatively high proportion of women and a younger development trend,with a relatively stable income and a relatively high level of education.It is a group of childbearing age with better nurturing qualities and abilities.The research adopted a questionnaire method and collected the status quo and willingness of 1907 female teachers in terms of work,life,marriage,and childbearing.It is found that the overall willingness of female teachers to have three children is not more than 4%,and more than half of female teachers willing to have three children are ethnic minorities;a quarter of female subject teachers and 30%of unmarried female teachers do not want to give birth;half of female teachers'spouses are consistent with their willingness to give birth;male teachers'overall willingness to bear children is higher than female teachers,with the highest proportion of willingness to have a second child;economy,education,housing,and work intensity are important factors that impact female teachers'willingness to give birth;the concept of"children are priceless"has increased the burden of parenting on female teachers.It is recommended to carry out the parental leave system,improve the infrastructure construction of rural schools,optimize the structure of teachers,expand the supply of childcare services,change the concept of education,and balance the work and life of teachers,so as to build a child-friendly society,and promote the three-child policy.

关 键 词：三孩生育政策 女教师 生活现状 生育意愿 配套支持措施 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]