短枝型富士苹果枝条导管分子特征参数及其与树体生长的关系  

Characteristic Parameters of Branch Vessel Element and Its Relationship with Tree Growth in Spur-type Fuji Apple

作　　者：付晓雅 沈震 朱玉宁 李中勇[1] 刘文田 徐继忠[1] FU Xiaoya;SHEN Zhen;ZHU Yuning;LI Zhongyong;LIU Wentian;XU Jizhong(Horticulture College,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Quyang County,Quyang 073100,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省曲阳县农业农村局,河北曲阳073100

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第11期130-138,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目;河北省科技厅项目(16226312D-7)。

摘　　要：为探索短枝型富士矮生机制,以普通型品种富士冠军、昌红,短枝型品种礼泉短枝、天红2号为试材,连续2 a对树体大小、枝类组成进行调查,并在光学显微镜下观察普通型和短枝型品种1年生枝条导管分子的形态、大小及解剖结构,并对最大导水率进行比较。结果表明:短枝型品种在树高、干周、外围新梢长度、枝展等方面小于普通型品种,短枝比高于普通型品种;与普通型品种相比,短枝型品种导管分子长度短、直径小、端壁倾斜角大,导管密度、管腔直径、管腔面积、管腔总面积占木质部比例小,最大导水率小于普通型品种。表明短枝型品种导管分子短而狭窄,管腔总面积占木质部比例少,这种结构限制了水分和养分的运输,从而使短枝型品种表现出矮生的特性。In order to explore the dwarfing mechanism of spur-type Fuji apple,standard-type Fuji Champion and Changhong,spur-type Liquan spur and Tianhong No. 2 were used as the test materials.The tree size and branch composition in two years were investigated. The characteristic,size and cross section of vessel element in 1-year-old branches of standard-type and spur-type were observed under optical microscope,and the maximum hydraulic conductivity was also studied. The results showed that the tree height,girth,branch length,branch width of the spur-type were smaller than the standard-type,the ratio of short shoots of the spur-type was bigger than the standard-type;compared with the standard-type Fuji,the spur-type Fuji had shorter vessel length,smaller width,larger indination angle of end wall,smaller vessel density,lumen diameter,lumen area and proportion of total lumen area in xylem,and the maximum hydraulic conductivity was lower than the standard-type Fuji. The above results showed that the vessel of spur-type Fuji was short and narrow,and the proportion of total lumen area to xylem was lower. This structure restricted the transportation of water and nutrients,so that the spur-type Fuji showed the characteristics of dwarf.

关 键 词：富士 短枝型 导管分子 最大导水率 富士冠军 昌红 礼泉短枝 天红2号 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]