药用植物基因组学研究进展  

Research Progress in Genomics of Medicinal Plant

作　　者：张闻婷 焦萌 王继华[1] ZHANG Wenting;JIAO Meng;WANG Jihua(Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics&Improvement/Guangdong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室/广东省道地南药资源保护与利用工程中心,广东广州510640 [2]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第12期138-150,共13页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省农业科学院作物研究所所长基金(202103);广东省农业科学院中青年学科带头人培养项目(R2019PY-JX003);广东省农业科学院优秀博士人才项目(R2021YJ-YB2008)。

摘　　要：药用植物代表了最古老的药物形式,在许多国家的传统医学中使用数千年。药用植物是重要的自然资源,发展中国家高达80%的人口主要依赖植物来源的药物,全世界对草药的需求正在逐年递增,预计到2050年将达到5万亿美元,药用植物及其衍生物的大规模生产是不可避免的发展趋势。现代测序技术的飞速发展促进了药用植物基因组学的研究,基于基因组学的跨学科研究以及DNA和RNA、代谢组学和蛋白质组学的高通量数据分析,药用植物在代谢途径/酶、代谢物、基因、基因网络和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用等研究领域取得突破。结合本团队相关研究工作对药用植物基因组学的最新研究进展进行综述,涉及利用结构基因组学和功能基因组学揭示各种药用植物的基因组序列信息、物种间进化、分子化合物动态变化以及药用成分合成等方面,这些数据为重要药材资源的分子辅助育种、基因组编辑以及对活性化合物化学多样性分子机制的理解提供了重要的理论基础。许多药材的植物化学成分和潜在的健康益处尚未得到研究或仍需要更深入地研究,药用植物的未来充满未知、希望,甚至惊喜。鉴于物种的多样性、环境因素的复杂性以及药用植物的全球分布,结合基因组学加强研究工作以开发新的和改良的药用植物品种势在必行。Medicinal plants represent the oldest form of medicine and have been used in traditional medicine in many countries for thousands of years.Medicinal plants are critical natural resources that can isolate active metabolites or compounds with pharmacological significance for humans.The World Health Organization pointed out that up to 80%of the population in developing countries mainly relied on plant-derived medicines.The world's demand for herbal medicines has increased year by year and is expected to reach USD 5 trillion in 2050.It is an inevitable development trend to realize the large-scale production of medicinal plants and their derivatives.The rapid development of modern sequencing technology has promoted the research of medicinal plant genomics,research of genomics based on interdisciplinary and high-throughput data analysis of DNA and RNA,metabolomics and proteomics,and breakthroughs have been made in the researches of medicinal plants in fields of metabolic pathways/enzymes,metabolites,genes,gene networks,and protein-protein interactions.Combined with the relevant research work of the team,this article summarizes the latest research progress of medicinal plant genomics,involving the use of structural genomics and functional genomics to reveal the genome sequence information,inter-species evolution,changes of molecular compound dynamics,and synthesis of medicinal ingredients.In terms of the synthesis of medicinal ingredients,these data provide an essential theoretical basis for molecular-assisted breeding of necessary medicinal materials,genome editing,and understanding the molecular mechanism of the chemical diversity of active compounds.The phytochemical composition and potential health benefits of many medicinal materials have not yet been studied or need to be further investigated.The future of medicinal plants is full of unknowns,hopes,and even surprises.Due to the diversity of species,the complexity of environmental factors,and the global distribution of medicinal plants,it is imperative to strengthe

关 键 词：药用植物 基因组学 结构基因组学 功能基因组学 基因组测序 

分 类 号：S567.01[农业科学—中草药栽培]