黄河内蒙段河冰微结构特性及影响因素分析  

Microstructure characteristics of river ice in Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River and its influencing factors

作　　者：张邀丹 李志军[1] 李春江 张宝森[2] 邓宇[2] ZHANG Yaodan;LI Zhijun;LI Chunjiang;ZHANG Baosen;DENG Yu(State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水利学报》2021年第12期1418-1429,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979024,51879116)。

摘　　要：冰的微结构特性不仅能够反映冰的生长过程,而且对冰的力学、热学、光学和电学性质也具有重要影响。为深入认识黄河冰的微结构特性,对黄河内蒙段不同位置的河冰及乌梁素海湖冰进行现场取样,观测冰晶体结构、冰密度、冰内含泥量和冰内气泡,同时观测冰下流速。结果表明:黄河内蒙段河道内不同位置冰层中冰晶体结构差异明显,单一的粒状冰和柱状冰很少,冰层内存在大量的冰花冰,大部分冰晶体结构表现为冰花冰、粒状冰与柱状冰相互交替;冰内含泥量和气泡含量是导致黄河冰密度变化的主要原因,且不同晶体结构下,冰晶体粒径尺寸、冰密度、冰内含泥量、冰内气泡含量和气泡等效直径的变化范围不同。通过将黄河与乌梁素海的冰微结构及冰形成过程进行对比分析,发现环境温度和水动力条件是造成黄河冰微观结构特性的主要原因。The microstructure characteristics of ice can not only reflect the growth process of ice,but also have an important influence on the mechanical,thermal,optical and electrical properties of ice.In order to further understand the microstructure characteristics of ice in the Yellow River,the ice samples from different locations in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River and Wuliangsuhai Lake were collected.The ice crystal structure,ice density,sediment content and bubbles in ice were observed and the flow velocity under the ice cover was measured.It is found that the ice crystal structure is obviously different in different locations of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River.There are few single granular ice and columnar ice,however,there is a large amount of frazil ice in the ice layer.The structure of most ice crystals alternates with frazil ice,granular ice and columnar ice.The sediment and bubbles in ice are the main reasons that lead to the variation of ice density.Moreover,the ice crystal size,ice density,sediment content,bubble content and the equivalent diameter of the bubble are different under different crystal structures.By comparing the microstructure of the Yellow River ice and the Wuliangsuhai Lake ice,we can see that the microstructure characteristics of the Yellow River ice is mainly effected by the environment temperature and the hydrodynamic conditions.

关 键 词：河冰 晶体结构 密度 含泥量 气泡 冰下流速 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]