“四海之内皆兄弟”与人类和平的可能性  

“All within the Four Seas Are Brothers”and the Possibility for Peace of Humanity

作　　者：伍晓明 Wu Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610225

出　　处：《文史哲》2022年第1期27-34,165,共9页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：源于《论语》的格言“四海之内皆兄弟”蕴含着这样一个意思,即是兄弟就必然相亲相爱相助,因此如果人类有兄弟一般的关系,和平就有保证。然而,人类历史却见证了诸多兄弟相争相斗相残之事,所以本来意义上的兄弟关系并不能成为“我”与他人之关系的典范。因为,“我”作为“我”就意味着占有和权力,并因此而是他人———首先可能就是直接妨碍我之占有和权力的兄弟———的潜在的谋杀者,直到兄弟作为与“我”最近的他人成为对于我追求占有和权力的自发性的质疑,从而唤起“我”的恻隐羞恶辞让是非之心,并逼使“我”反问自己是否自然地拥有优于他人的权利,一种不以血缘为基础的普遍的人类兄弟关系才有可能。在此关系之中,“我”为所有他人负起无限责任,如此人类和平才有可能。The aphorism "All within the four seas are brothers" which originates in The Analects implies that brothers necessarily love and help one another. Thus if humanity had a brother-like relationship with one another, peace would be guaranteed. However, human history has witnessed many fights and murders among brothers. Therefore, brotherhood in its literal sense cannot be the model for one’s relation with the other. The I signifies possession and power, hence the potential murderer of other people. Since my brothers being the closest to me may immediately impede my possession and power, they become those whom I may want to remove the most. A universal brotherly relationship for humanity not based upon blood relation is not possible until my brothers facing me become an interrogation to my spontaneity for the pursuit of power, thus arousing in me the heart which is unable to bear the suffering of the other and which feels ashamed for myself. Peace for humanity becomes possible only when I am forced to question myself if I naturally have the right over other people and begin to take my infinite responsibility for other people.

关 键 词：兄弟 兄弟关系 占有 权力 “我” 另一者 

分 类 号：G112[文化科学]