不同食物组分对大红海参生长和脂肪酸组成的影响  

Effects of Different Dietary Ingredients on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Red Giant Sea Cucumber

作　　者：于宇[1] 李冰 郭广鑫 任贻超[1] YU Yu;LI Bing;GUO Guangxin;REN Yichao(School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学海洋科学与工程学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第1期85-91,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2018QC006);山东省重大农业技术创新项目(SD2019YY006);山东省一流水产学科项目.

摘　　要：为开发大红海参人工养殖技术,采用海带粉、鼠尾藻粉和仿刺参复合饲料3种常见饵料投饲大红海参,分析各组大红海参的生长及体壁脂肪酸组成的差异,从营养组成角度筛选适于大红海参人工养殖的饵料成分。试验结果显示,不同投饲组大红海参体壁脂肪酸组成具有显著差异(P<0.05),大红海参体壁n-6和n-3不饱和脂肪酸的比例与饵料中亚油酸和α亚麻酸的比例存在显著正相关关系,表明大红海参能够通过以上两种短链脂肪酸合成长链的n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸。投饲海带粉组的大红海参特定生长率最高,同时体壁含有更高比例的多不饱和脂肪酸;投饲复合饲料的大红海参具有最高的n-3不饱和脂肪酸比例及n-3不饱和脂肪酸/n-6不饱和脂肪酸。从体壁脂肪酸含量水平分析,海带粉比鼠尾藻粉更适合大红海参的人工养殖,以海带为基础原料且具有更高n-3不饱和脂肪酸含量的复合饲料,能为大红海参提供更均衡的营养。Effects of three dietary ingredients(i.e.kelp Laminaria japonica powder,Sargassum thunbergii powder and commercial feed for sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas)on growth rate and fatty acid(FA)of giant red sea cucumber Parastichopus californicu were evaluated,to screen the optimal diet ingredients for giant red sea cucumber.The results showed that FA compositions in giant red sea cucumber were significantly different among three dietary groups(P<0.05).The contents of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)groups in giant red sea cucumber were positively correlated with dietary contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6,indicating that giant red sea cucumber had the ability to biosynthesize long chain n-6 and n-3 PUFAs.Giant red sea cucumber fed kelp displayed the highest growth rate and PUFA content among three dietary groups(P<0.05).However,giant red sea cucumber fed commercial feed showed the highest n-3 fatty acid content and n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs(P<0.05).From the aspect of specific growth rate and fatty acid composition,kelp is more suitable than S.thunbergii to feed giant red sea cucumber.In conclusion,the mixed feed containing kelp and higher n-3 fatty acid is supposed to provide more balanced nutrition for giant red sea cucumber.

关 键 词：大红海参 食物来源 特定生长率 海带 鼠尾藻 水产养殖 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]