露采金属矿山采坑境界面生态修复技术研究  

Study on Ecological Restoration Technology of Stope Boundary Interface in Open Pit Metal Mines

作　　者：程睿 CHENG Rui(Shenzhen Ruyin Ecological Construction Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市如茵生态环境建设有限公司,广东深圳518057

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2022年第1期50-57,共8页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：江铜集团科技项目(2018012)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究适宜露采金属矿山采坑境界面的生态修复技术,为同类废弃地的生态修复提供借鉴。【方法】以江西某露采铜矿为例,通过实地调研对其采坑境界面生态环境破坏问题及成因进行识别与分析,并结合工程实例对采坑境界面生态修复工程技术模式进行了研究。【结果】采坑废弃地的生态环境问题主要包括原生态系统和地貌景观损毁、裸露创面自然修复的立地条件缺失、采坑边坡长高陡峭且风化易崩塌、持续且极端的酸性及重金属污染等,几乎不具备自然恢复的条件,通过人工干预重建生态系统成效显著。【结论】以重塑地貌稳固地形为前提,以修复污染重构(建)土壤环境为基础,以恢复植被促进自身演替为手段,以修复生态系统重现生态功能为最终目标的人工修复模式,通过人工干预引导生态系统恢复才是露采金属矿山采坑境界面最有效的模式。【Objective】The ecological restoration technology suitable for the stope boundary interface of openpit metal mines is discussed to provide a reference for the ecological restoration of similar wastelands.【Methods】Through field investigationand research,the problems and causes of ecological environment damage were identified and analyzed in the open pit mining boundary of copper mine in Jiangxi Province.And combined with engineering examples,the technical model of ecological restoration engineering of mining pit wasteland was studied.【Results】The results show that the eco-environmental problems of open pit metal mines mainly include the destruction of original ecology and natural landscape,the lack of site conditions for natural restoration of exposed wounds,the long,steep,serious weathering and easy collapse of exposed pit slope,the continuous and serious acid and heavy metal pollution,and etc.There are few conditions for natural recovery,and the reconstruction of ecosystem through manual intervention has achieved remarkable results.【Conclusion】The artificial restoration mode takes the reconstructing of landform and stable terrain as the premise,the restoration of pollution and the reconstruction of soil environment as the basis,the restoration of vegetation to promote its own succession as the means,the restoration of ecosystem and the reproduction of ecological function as the ultimate goal.And guiding ecosystem restoration through manual intervention is the most effective mode of pit boundary interface in open pit metal mines.

关 键 词：露采金属矿山 采坑境界 植被恢复 生态修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X852