水动力学模型在淹没区防汛应急中的应用  

Application of hydrodynamic model in flood prevention and emergency response for inundated area

作　　者：徐卫红[1,2] 刘舒[1,2] 张红萍[1,2] 胡昌伟[1,2] 李娜 XU Weihong;LIU Shu;ZHANG Hongping;HU Changwei;LI Na(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2021年第12期34-38,共5页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(JZ0145B362019);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1508003)。

摘　　要：为减轻溃堤洪水造成的灾害损失,快速准确预报淹没范围和退水措施效果在应急处置中非常重要。以2013年黑龙江省萝北淹没区的应急分析为例,针对被转移群众返迁的目标,阐述如何快速构建数值模型,拟定合理的模拟方案并分析各方案的退洪效果。结果表明,为解决封冻期之前萝北淹没区人民的回迁及越冬安置问题,可考虑不封堵溃口,但仅利用溃口和退水闸无法满足退洪需求,增设人工退洪口门十分必要。不同尺寸的扒口退洪效果差异不大,从后期封堵口门的工程量考虑,宽度不易过大。In order to reduce the disaster loss which caused by levee-breach flood, it is very important to quickly and accurately forecast the inundated range and the effects of flood receding measures in the emergency disposal. Taking the emergency analysis for the Luobei inundated area in Heilongjiang Province as the example, for the target of moving back of the transferred people, this paper introduced how to quickly build a numerical model, design reasonable simulation schemes and analyze the flood receding effects. The results show that the flood can be receded when the water level of the outer river falls. However, the target of flood receding can’t be achieved only by the levee-breach and escape gate. In order to solve the resettlement problem in the freezing period, it is very necessary to add a man-made outlet for receding flood. There is little difference of the flood receding effects with different size of man-made outlet. The width should not be too large considering the quantity of plugging the outlet.

关 键 词：水动力学模型 应急分析 淹没区 溃堤洪水 退洪 黑龙江 

分 类 号：TV131.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]