几种药剂对烟苗白粉病防效初探及抗氧化代谢影响  

Preliminary Study on the Control Effect of Several Fungicides on Tobacco Powdery Mildew and the Effects of Antioxidant Metabolism

作　　者：左应萍 朱丹瑞 陈明珠 魏嘉妤 彭丽娟 Zuo Yingping;Zhu Danrui;Chen Mingzhu;Wei Jiayu;Peng Lijuan(College of Tobacco Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Cengong County Branch of Guizhou Qiandongnan Tobacco Company,Cenggong,Guizhou 557801,China;Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省黔东南州烟草公司岑巩县分公司,贵州岑巩557801 [3]贵州大学贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2022年第1期11-20,共10页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目:贵州省山地生态烟叶无人机应用研究与示范(合同号201934);贵州大学SRT项目(贵大SRT字﹝2019﹞425)。

摘　　要：为筛选防治烟草白粉病的高效低毒药剂。选择长势及白粉病发生一致的烤烟盆栽幼苗,设7个药剂处理和1个对照(清水、0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液、0.2%碳酸氢钠溶液、0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液+0.1%蒜溶液、0.2%碳酸氢钠溶液+0.1%蒜溶液碳酸氢钠、1%蛇床子素微乳剂、41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂以及12.5%腈菌唑乳油),在0 d、7 d、14 d分别对叶片进行先取样再喷施,调查烟草白粉病施药前后发生情况,测量烤烟幼苗农艺性状,取样测定叶片中叶绿体色素、抗氧化代谢酶(SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)含量等生理指标。结果表明,1%蛇床子素微乳剂对烟草幼苗白粉病相对防效为90.97%,病情指数0.80,对叶长、叶宽有显著促进作用,SOD活性显著高于CK,MDA含量显著低于CK,其综合防效最佳;41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂相对防效达80.27%,病情指数1.53,SOD、CAT活性显著高于CK,H_(2)O_(2)和MDA含量显著低于CK,综合防效次之;12.5%腈菌唑乳油相对防效为78.27%,病情指数为1.80,SOD、CAT活性显著高于CK,H_(2)O_(2)含量显著低于CK,综合防效第3。因此,1%蛇床子素微乳剂,41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂和12.5%腈菌唑乳油可作为防治烟草白粉病的候选药剂。In order to screen effective and low toxic agents for the prevention and control of tobacco powdery mildew,potted tobacco seedlings were selected for spray test.The infected leaves at 0 d,7 d and 14 d were sampled and then sprayed on the leaves with 7 treatments and 1 control(water,0.1%sodium bicarbonate solution,0.2%sodium bicarbonate solution,0.1%sodium bicarbonate solution+0.1%garlic solution,0.2%sodium bicarbonate solution+0.1%garlic solution,1%osthole microemulsion,41.7%fluopicolide suspension,12.5%myclobutanil nitrile emulsion).The agronomic characters,chloroplast pigments,antioxidant enzymes(SOD,Cu/Zn-SOD,and CAT),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and membrane lipid peroxidation products(MDA)of tobacco leaves were determined.The results showed that after spraying 1%osthole microemulsion for 3 times,the relative control effect reached 90.97%and the disease index was 0.8.1%osthole microemulsion had significant promoting effect to the leaf length and leaf width.The content of SOD in the leaves sprayed with 1%osthole microemulsion was significantly higher than the control,but the content of MDA was significantly lower than the control.This agent had the best control effect on the tobacco powdery mildew.41.7%fluopicolide suspension reached the relative control effect to 80.27%.And the disease index was 1.53.Their SOD and CAT were significantly higher than the control,but H_(2)O_(2) and MDA were significantly lower than the control.The control effect of this agent was not as good as 1%osthole microemulsion.The relative control effect of 12.5%myclobutanil nitrile was 78.27%.The disease index was 1.80.Their SOD and CAT were significantly higher than the control,but H_(2)O_(2) was significantly lower than the control.This agent was the third in control effect.Therefore,1%osthole microemulsion,41.7%fluopicolide suspension and 12.5%myclobutanil nitrile could be used as the candidates for the management of powdery mildew.

关 键 词：白粉病 植物源农药 抗氧化代谢酶 植物抗逆性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]