凿岩台车钻头破岩震源地震记录重构方法  

Reconstruction method of seismic record of drilling jumbo rock breaking seismic source

作　　者：石少帅 孙昊政[1] 李术才 许新骥 周宗青[1,2] 郭伟东 曹天宇[1] SHI Shaoshuai;SUN Haozheng;LI Shucai;XU Xinji;ZHOU Zongqing;GUO Weidong;CAO Tianyu(School of Qilu Transportation,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;China Railway Economic and Planing Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学齐鲁交通学院,山东济南250061 [2]山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心,山东济南250061 [3]中国铁路经济规划研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第12期4405-4414,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979154);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF111018);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019M660937)。

摘　　要：针对凿岩台车钻头震源连续冲击、回转造成地震波场混叠复杂,地震记录无法直接识别和解释的问题,重点研究凿岩台车钻头单次冲击信号提取和地震记录重构方法。首先,以凿岩台车单臂钻进激发震源为研究对象,分析凿岩台车钻头先导信号特征和噪声成分;其次,基于最小平方反褶积从连续的钻头先导信号中提取钻头单次冲击脉冲信号,通过长时互相关叠技术,重构破岩震源地震记录,形成一套适用于凿岩台车的地震记录重构方法;最后,依托实际工程对提出的方法进行评价。研究结果表明:凿岩台车先导信号中存在周期约为0.3 s的机械干扰;反褶积后先导信号与检波器信号分段互相关叠加后能够得到等效脉冲震源激励下的常规化地震记录、衰减周期干扰及不相关干扰,提高信噪比,识别了凿岩台车破岩震源地震记录中有效信号同相轴;重构地震记录结果与当前试验里程处TSP结果、实际开挖情况较吻合,初步验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。与传统方法相比,本文提出的方法能够大幅度降低隧道超前预报对隧道工期的影响,预报效率更高。Aiming at the problems that seismic wave field overlap is caused by the continuous impact and rotary cutting of drilling jumbo bit and seismic record that cannot be identified and interpreted directly,the extraction of the single impact signal of the drilling jumbo bit and the reconstruction of seismic records were mainly studied.Firstly,the seismic source generated by single-arm drilling of drilling jumbo was taken as the research object.The characteristics and noise components of bit pilot signal of drilling jumbo were analyzed.Secondly,the least square deconvolution was used to extract the bit single impact pulse signal from the continuous bit pilot signal and the seismic record of drilling jumbo rock-breaking was reconstructed through the superimposition after segmented cross-correlation.A set of seismic record reconstruction methods suitable for drilling jumbo was formed.Finally,relying on the actual tunnel project,the proposed method was evaluated.The results show that there is mechanical interference with a period of about 0.3 s in the pilot signal of drilling jumbo.By the superimposition after segmented cross-correlation of long-term seismic records between the deconvoluted pilot signal and the geophone,a conventional seismic record similar to that with the excitation of the pulse source can be obtained.The periodic and irrelevant interference are attenuated and the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced.The effective signal phase axis in drilling jumbo seismic record is identified.The reconstructed seismic record results are in good agreement with the current mileage TSP results and actual excavation conditions,which preliminarily verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.Compared with the traditional method,the new prediction method can greatly reduce the influence of tunnel advanced geological prediction on tunnel construction period and it is more efficient.

关 键 词：凿岩台车 随钻地震 反褶积 分段互相关叠加 地震记录重构 工程应用 

分 类 号：U452.11[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]