典型场景下换电重卡的技术经济性分析  

Technical and Economic Analysis of Battery Replacement Heavy Truck in Typical Scenarios

作　　者：姜运哲 宋承斌 周怡博[1] 周玮[1] Jiang Yunzhe;Song Chengbin;Zhou Yibo;Zhou Wei(China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司中国汽车战略与政策研究中心,天津300300

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2022年第2期154-160,共7页Journal of Industrial Technological Economics

摘　　要：换电重卡能够解决新能源重卡购置成本高、充电时间长等痛点,对于加快我国货车电动化进程具有重要意义。但是,受制于车辆换电成本高、续驶里程短等因素,换电重卡的推广应用需具备合适的应用场景和一定的政策支持。为研究换电重卡的适用场景与应用范围,本文构建了多个典型场景下换电重卡的技术经济性模型,分析了影响换电重卡使用阶段经济性的主要因素。结果表明,对换电重卡经济性影响最大的因素是电池综合服务费;在中长途运输场景下,载货量对换电重卡经济性的影响同样明显;碳交易制度对换电重卡的经济性影响则较为有限。为推动换电重卡的发展,政策层面应给予换电重卡更多支持,降低换电重卡购置成本与运营成本,同时给予换电重卡更多政策便利条件,促进换电重卡的推广应用。Battery replacement heavy truck can solve the pain points such as high purchase cost and long charging time of new energy heavy truck,which is of great significance to accelerate the process of electric truck in China.However,due to the fac⁃tors such as high cost of electric replacement and short driving distance,the promotion and application of battery replacement heavy truck should have appropriate application scenarios and certain policy support.In order to study the applicable scenarios and appli⁃cation scope of the heavy truck,the technical and economic models of the heavy truck in several typical scenarios were constructed,and the main factors affecting the economy of the heavy truck in the use stage were analyzed.The results show that the charging fee and the service fee is the most influential factor to the economy of the heavy truck.In the case of medium and long distance transpor⁃tation,the effect of cargo capacity on the economy of the heavy truck is also obvious.Carbon trading system has a limited economic impact on the heavy truck.In order to promote the development of the heavy truck,more support should be given to battery replace⁃ment heavy truck,reduce the purchase cost and operating cost of the heavy truck,at the same time,more policy convenience should be given to battery replacement heavy truck,promote the popularization and application of battery replacement heavy truck.

关 键 词：新能源汽车 换电模式 重卡 技术经济性 购置成本 市场化发展 

分 类 号：F426.71[经济管理—产业经济] F407.61