国际技术贸易格局演化规律研究——基于知识产权使用费数据分析视角  

The Evolution Law of International Technology Trade Pattern:The Perspective of Data Analysis of Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property

作　　者：冯志刚 张志强[1,2] 刘昊 Feng Zhigang;Zhang Zhiqiang;Liu Hao(Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041;Department of Library,Information and Archives Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都文献情报中心,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院图书情报与档案管理系,北京100049

出　　处：《情报学报》2022年第1期38-49,共12页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“面向领域知识发现的学科信息学理论与应用研究”(17ATQ008)。

摘　　要：从全球视角出发,探究长时间尺度下国际技术贸易活动格局的演化规律。本研究选取1970—2019年50个主要国家/地区的知识产权使用费数据作为分析对象,利用重心模型、科学中心转移理论和复杂网络分析方法,分别从进口和出口两个角度分析国际技术贸易的地理重心迁移、中心国家转移以及网络结构演化等规律。研究结果显示,1970—2019年:①国际技术贸易进出口地理重心均稳定于北半球,并分别以0.56°(45.19 km)/年、1.52°(120.68 km)/年的速度向东迁移;进口重心一直位于出口重心东侧,但两者间距离在逐步缩小。②国际技术贸易进口中心的转移次序为德国→日本→美国→荷兰→爱尔兰;国际技术贸易出口中心一直是美国,未发生转移,但其占比在持续下降。③国际技术贸易活动愈加广泛和深化;国际技术贸易网络具有明显的“小世界”和“核心-边缘”结构特征;美国优势地位明显,具有最强的国际技术贸易获利能力;中国的网络地位近期快速提升,但国际技术贸易出口能力亟待提高。From a global perspective,this study explores the evolution of the pattern of international technology trade activities over a significant period.This study selects the data of charges for the use of intellectual property of 50 major countries(regions)from 1970 to 2019 as the analysis object.Subsequently,it uses the gravity center model,science center transfer theory,and complex network analysis method to analyze the geographical gravity center transfer,center country(regions)transfer order,and network structure evolution of international technology trade from import and export perspectives.From 1970 to 2019:(1)The import and export geographical gravity centers of international technology trade were stable in the northern hemisphere,and moved eastward at the speed of 0.56 degrees(45.19 km)per year and 1.52 degrees(120.68 km)per year;the import gravity center was consistently located to the east of the export gravity center,but the distance between them was gradually narrowing.(2)The transfer order of the import center of international technology trade is Germany→Japan→the United States→the Netherlands→Ireland;the export center has not been transferred,and it has always been the United States,but its proportion continues to decline.(3)International technology trade activities are becoming increasingly extensive and deepening;the international technology trade network has obvious“small world”and“core-edge”structural characteristics;the dominant position of the United States is still obvious,with the strongest technology trade profitability;China’s network status has rapidly improved,but the export capacity of technology trade needs to be improved.

关 键 词：国际技术贸易 知识产权使用费 地理重心迁移 中心国家转移 网络结构演化 

分 类 号：F746.17[经济管理—国际贸易] F204[经济管理—产业经济]