298份苎麻种质资源纤维产量性状综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Fiber Yield Traits of 298 Ramie Germplasm Resources

作　　者：白雪花 王延周[1] 魏忆萍 马永红 饶晶 高馨悦 扶雅芬 王满生[1] 刘头明[1] 朱四元[1] BAI Xue-hua;WANG Yan-zhou;WEI Yi-ping;MA Yong-hong;RAO Jing;GAO Xin-yue;FU Ya-fen;WANG Man-sheng;LIU Tou-ming;ZHU Si-yuan(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410221;College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410125)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,长沙410221 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410125

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第1期106-122,共17页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571618,31771734);国家麻类产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-16-E12);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610242021005)。

摘　　要：通过对苎麻纤维产量相关性状的评价,可为实现苎麻分子标记选择育种和有效突破高纤维产量苎麻品种的遗传改良提供科学依据。本研究以298份不同来源的苎麻种质资源为材料,基于三季大田试验调查,对苎麻纤维产量性状数据进行了频率分布直方图分析、变异系数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,纤维产量相关的6个性状数据展现出很好的正态分布,6个性状变异系数的范围为16.33%~69.00%,呈现出很大的变异幅度,头麻(2020-06)干麻重的变异系数最大,为69.00%,二麻(2020-08)茎粗变异系数最小,为16.33%,干麻重、鲜皮重、皮厚、株高、鲜皮出麻率的变异系数均高于20%,表现出更好的变异性,表明298份苎麻种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性;相关性分析表明,株高与其他所有性状均呈现显著或极显著正相关性,茎粗和皮厚与鲜皮重、干麻重均呈现极显著的正相关性,鲜皮重与干麻重呈极显著的正相关性,干麻重与鲜皮出麻率也呈现极显著的正相关性,株高和干麻重的改良,有利于鲜皮出麻率的增加;主成分分析将6种性状综合为2个主要成分,头麻(2019-06)、头麻(2020-06)、二麻(2020-08)累计贡献率分别达到82.38%、71.01%、79.25%,均是干麻重和鲜皮重对第1主成分影响最大,鲜皮出麻率对第2主成分影响最大,表明可用干麻重和鲜皮重作为衡量苎麻种质资源纤维产量性状是否优良的重要指标。每季聚类分析均得到3个类群,第Ⅰ类群6个性状指标均优异,共筛选出14个优质品种,尤其值得关注的是7469、J0501-307、川苎10号、TG5、东安圆麻-294、信阳麻、广西红蔸麻,可以进一步筛选作为育种研究的亲本材料或后备核心种质。The evaluation of fiber yield related traits in ramie can provide scientific basis for molecular marker selection breeding and elite germplasms on genetic improvement of ramie varieties with high fiber yield.In this study,298 ramie germplasm accessions from different sources were used for the field trials at three seasons,followed by data collection,frequency distribution histogram analysis,coefficient of variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.A normal distribution at six traits related to fiber yield was observed,with the variation coefficients ranged from 16.33%to 69.00%.The maximum variation coefficient of dry fiber yield was 69.00%for first crop(2020-06),and the minimum variation coefficient of stem diameter was 16.33%for second crop(2020-08).The coefficient of variation of dry fiber yield,fresh bark weight,stem bark thickness,stem length and bast stripping percentage were all higher than 20%,indicating that 298 ramie germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity.Correlation analysis showed that stem length positively and extremely significant with all the other traits.Stem diameter and skin thickness were positively correlated with fresh bark weight and dry fiber yield,fresh bark weight was positively correlated with dry fiber yield,and dry fiber yield was positively correlated with bast stripping percentage.The improvement of stem length and dry fiber yield correlates with bast stripping percentage.Principal component analysis combined six traits into two main components.The cumulative contribution rates of first crop(2019-06),first crop(2020-06)and second crop(2020-08)reached 82.38%,71.01%and 79.25%,respectively.The dry fiber yield and fresh bark weight had the greatest effect,and the bast stripping percentage had the second greatest effect,indicating that both traits could be used as important indicator to evaluate whether the ramie germplasm resource fiber yield traits were excellent.Cluster analysis suggested three groups in each season,and the 6 trait

关 键 词：苎麻 纤维产量性状 评价 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]