玉米地方种质竹山白马牙耐渍性生物学基础分析  

Analysis of the Biological Basis of Waterlogging Tolerance of Local Germplasm Maize Zhushan Baimaya

作　　者：贾海涛 顾银山 张士龙[1] 贺正华[1] 刘刚 蔡海亚[1] 张硕 黄益勤[1] 焦春海[1] JIA Hai-tao;GU Yin-shan;ZHANG Shi-long;HE Zheng-hua;LIU Gang;CAI Hai-ya;ZHANG Shuo;HUANG Yi-qin;JIAO Chun-hai(Grain Crops Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,HubeiJingzhou 434000)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第1期160-168,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901558);中国博士后科学基金(2019M650177)。

摘　　要：在中国南方,涝渍已成为包括玉米在内的多种植物的主要非生物胁迫之一,发掘和有效利用玉米耐渍种质、探讨玉米耐渍性生物学特征、培育耐渍性新品种是减少南方玉米产量损失,扩大玉米种植面积的最为经济有效的途径。本研究多方面证据表明白马牙比渍水敏感性玉米自交系B73具有较强的耐渍性。在表型水平上:渍水胁迫下,白马牙的叶绿素相对含量、苗高、根长、茎鲜重/干重、根干重/鲜重、不定根数目及根长均显著高于B73;渍水28 d,白马牙的平均存活率为86%,B73的存活率仅为8.25%,说明白马牙相对于B73渍水耐受性较强,白马牙在渍水胁迫下具有发达的不定根和诱导性通气组织的形成。在生理生化水平上:渍水处理6 d,B73中丙二醛含量显著增加,而白马牙维持在相对较低水平,且白马牙在渍水胁迫后过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性增强,证明白马牙具有较强的活性氧清除能力。在磷吸收利用上:白马牙较强的磷吸收能力增强了抵抗非生物胁迫的能力,本研究揭示了耐渍性地方种质白马牙苗期耐渍性产生的形态特征和生物学基础,为进一步利用该资源进行耐渍性品种选育提供了理论依据。Waterlogging has become one of the major abiotic stress to a variety of plants including maize in southern China.Investigating the biological characteristics of waterlogging tolerance,creating new waterlogging resistant maize germplasm and cultivating new waterlogging resistant maize varieties are the most economical and effective way to reduce the loss of maize yield.In this study,multiple evidences showed that maize Baimaya was more waterlogging tolerant than maize B73.At the phenotypic level,SPAD value,root and shoot fresh significantly higher than those of B73 waterlogging weight,root and shoot dry weight,seedling height,number of adventitious roots and root length of Baimayawere under stress.After 28 days of waterlogging,the average survival rate of Baimaya was 86%,while B73 was only 8.25%,indicating that Baimaya,due to its better developed adventitious roots and the formation of aerenchyma induced under waterlogging stress,had a higher tolerance to waterlogging than B73.At the physiological and biochemical level,malondialdehyde content in B73 increased significantly after 6 days of waterlogging,while it remained at a relatively low level in Baimaya.Moreover,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Baimaya rapidly accumulated after waterlogging stress,in contrast to its relatively low level in B73,which proved that Baimaya had a strong scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species.The strong phosphorus absorption capacity of Baimaya enhanced its ability to resist abiotic stress.This study revealed the morphological and physiological basis of waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage of the local germplasm Baimaya,and provided a theoretical basis for further use of this germplasm for breeding of waterlogging tolerant varieties.

关 键 词：耐渍性 存活率 不定根 通气组织 磷吸收效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]