基于合成生物技术构建高效生物制造系统的研究进展  

Research progress of constructing efficient biomanufacturing system based on synthetic biotechnology

作　　者：张晓龙 王晨芸 刘延峰 李江华 刘龙[1,2,3] 堵国成 ZHANG Xiaolong;WANG Chenyun;LIUYanfeng;LI Jianghua;LIU Long;DU Guocheng(Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China;Science Center for Future Foods,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡214122 [2]江南大学未来食品科学中心,江苏无锡214122 [3]江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《合成生物学》2021年第6期863-875,共13页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0900300);国家自然科学基金(31972854)。

摘　　要：基于合成生物技术构建绿色高效的生物制造系统是实现可持续化发展的重要途径,该技术的发展应用有望为食品、能源、医药、化工以及畜牧养殖等行业带来革命性的技术变革。本文针对基于合成生物技术构建高效生物制造系统进行系统性的总结与讨论。首先概述了代谢工程、酶工程、辅助系统优化以及发酵过程控制等技术的研究进展;其次,着重对比总结了大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌属、谷氨棒酸杆菌以及酵母属等典型模式宿主的代谢特性,探究了各微生物制造系统的适用范围。最后,对合成生物技术在构建高效生物制造系统领域中的应用前景进行了展望。精细多元的代谢工程技术、高效简便的酶工程策略以及数字化的微生物系统将是促进高效生物制造系统构建的新引擎与新动力。Efficient and environmentally friendly biomanufacturing system based on synthetic biotechnology is an important approach to achieve sustainable development.Synthetic biology is expected to bring revolutionary technological breakthroughs in various industries,such as food,pharmacy and chemistry,as well as farming and animal husbandry.In this paper,the latest advances of technologies and strategies in synthetic biology used in the progress of constructing efficient biomanufacturing systems were introduced.Four aspects,namely metabolic regulation of key genes,enzyme engineering,cofactor engineering and fermentation optimization,were discussed.Through these technologies,engineered microorganisms with high robustness and excellent performance were constructed.Secondly,an emphasis was put on the summary of diverse metabolic characteristics of typical model organisms at present.In this part,as many as seven strains were mentioned,such as Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus licheniformis,Corynebacterium glutamicum,Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.And for each strain,the advantages and disadvantages of different typical model organisms were discussed to clarify the scope of their most suitable products.Escherichia coli is the most intensively studied typical model organism system,making it the preferred expression system for proteins of interest.However,insufficient post-translational processing limits its applications for expressing eukaryotic derived proteins.Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris make up for this deficiency.Yeast expression system has significant advantages for the synthesis of natural products from plant,due to the extensive and in-depth research of P450 enzymes,such as the biosynthesis of artemisinin.Lastly,application prospects of synthetic biology in constructing efficient biomanufacturing systems were discussed.With the developments in standard synthetic biology components and data,standard automated work platforms,precise and generally applicab

关 键 词：合成生物技术 生物制造系统 典型模式宿主 代谢工程 

分 类 号：Q815[生物学—生物工程]