晚清山西商人与河北棉花贸易研究——以商业文书为中心  

Research on Shanxi Merchants and Cotton Trade in Hebei in Late Qing Dynasty——Focusing on the Business Documents

作　　者：晏雪莲[1] 周超宇 Yan Xuelian;Zhou Chaoyu(College of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2022年第1期90-101,共12页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“山西票号原始文献整理研究与遗存保护数据库建设”(20&ZD065);山西省晋商文化基金会重点项目“明清民国时期山西布商研究”(S20170405)。

摘　　要：清朝晚期,河北棉产区形成产地市场与中转集散市场两级市场体系,通过与外省棉花消费市场相连接,河北棉花得以大量外运。外运路线分东西南北四条,囊括华北大部以及西北、华中部分地区。山西花商在棉产地与消费市场广设花店,并凭托由制度化的书信经营形成的信息网络和以资金融通、清算为内容的金融体系,构建了完整的棉花贸易体系,实现购销一体化。山西花商也因此成为晚清河北棉花贸易发展的重要内生性因素。河北棉花西运山西,成本由花价、脚费、包装费用、厘金、官税、店用与打用钱(银)等部分构成。在棉花贸易过程中,因各地棉平与货币不同,棉花运往目的地后需对货币和重量进行换算;与其他商品不同,棉花价格以重量表示,花商利润主要来源于棉花在买进卖出时计费重量之差。In the late Qing Dynasty,Hebei cotton producing areas formed a two-level market system,namely,the origin market and the transit distribution market.By connecting with the cotton consumption markets in other provinces,Hebei cotton was transported abroad in large quantities.The outbound routes are divided into four routes,east,west,south and north,covering most of North China,northwest and central China.Shanxi cotton merchants set up cotton shops in cotton producing areas and consumer markets,and built a complete cotton trade system by relying on the information network formed by institutionalized letter management and the financial system focusing on financial financing and liquidation,which realized the integration of purchase and sale.Shanxi cotton merchants became an important endogenous factor in the development of Hebei cotton trade in the late Qing Dynasty.The cost of transporting cotton from Hebei to Shanxi consists of cotton price,transportation expenses,packaging cost,likin,official tax,intermediary service fee,etc.In the process of cotton trade,because weighing standard and currency were different in different places,it was necessary to convert currency and weight after cotton was transported to destination.Different from other commodities,cotton prices were expressed by weight,and the profit of florists came from the difference in the billing weight when cotton was bought and sold.

关 键 词：晚清 晋商史料集成 河北棉花市场 山西商人 贸易体系 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]