信托财产权结构探析——以所有权为主要分析对象  

Analysis of Trust Property Structure:Focus on Ownership

作　　者：倪受彬 黄宇宏 NIShou-bin;HUANG Yu-hong(Tongji University Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property,Shanghai 200092,China;East China University of Politics and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学上海国际知识产权学院,上海200092 [2]华东政法大学,上海200070

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2022年第1期42-55,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“慈善信托财产保值增值投资管理法律问题研究”(批准号:18BFX129)资助;。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》已于2021年1月1日正式实施,虽然《民法典》第1133条在涵盖《继承法》第16条的基础上,增设第四款"自然人可以依法设立遗嘱信托",使信托出现在《民法典》的条文当中,但纵观全典,其不仅对遗嘱信托与继承法的衔接未继续予以细化规定,而且未在更为基础的物权编、合同编,抑或是总则编对信托进行吸收。因此,我国目前在法律制度上可谓采取了一种将信托作为民事特别法、单行法的立法模式。无法回避的现状是,我国信托法制发展至今,信托的基础理论研究始终未能取得重大突破,尤其在信托财产归属、财产权结构、信托财产独立性的解释上仍存较大争议。如何引进信托制度是大陆法系国家共同面临的难题,我国《信托法》已实施20年,信托基础理论的争议始终与实践遭遇的各种法律障碍密切相关。如何构建起能凝聚共识的信托法财产权结构,如何衔接《信托法》与正式颁布的《民法典》,是否需要对我国《信托法》进行更新和完善,都是非常值得研究的问题。本文尝试通过对已有信托财产权学说进行分析,并运用所有权权能理论进行探究,最终得出如何在一物一权的前提下理解信托财产权及其独立性的思路,并对信托财产权与物权法定原则的冲突提出较为妥善的选择方案。The civil code of the People’s Republic of China has been formally implemented on January 1,2021,although article 1133 of the civil code,on the basis of covering article 16 of the inheritance law,adds the fourth paragraph"natural person may establish testamentary trust according to law",which makes the trust appear in the provisions of the civil code.However,throughout the whole code,it not only does not continue to specify the connection between testamentary trust and inheritance law,but also does not absorb trust in the more basic property,contract or general provisions.Therefore,our country has adopted a legislative mode of taking trust as a special civil law and a separate law.The unavoidable situation is that,with the development of trust law in China,the basic theoretical research of trust has never made a major breakthrough,especially in the interpretation of the ownership of trust property,the structure of property rights and the independence of trust property.How to introduce trust system is a common problem faced by civil law countries.China’s trust law has been implemented for 20 years,and the dispute over the basic theory of trust has always been closely related to various legal obstacles encountered in practice.How to build a consensus structure of trust law property rights,how to link up the trust law and the civil code,and whether it is necessary to update and improve the trust law of our country are very worthy of study.This paper attempts to analyze the existing theory of trust property rights and explore it by using the theory of ownership and function.Finally,it comes to the idea of how to understand the trust property rights and its independence under the premise of one property and one right,and puts forward a more appropriate choice for the conflict between the trust property rights and the principle of statutory property rights.

关 键 词：信托财产权 双财团理论 目的财产理论 所有权权能 物权法定主义 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学]