西藏拉萨市一般人群274份尿液中13种重金属含量检测  

Detection of 13 heavy metals in 274 urine samples from general population in Lhasa,Tibet

作　　者：张登城 谢波荣 普布卓玛[1] 张强[1] 央宗[1] 赵瑜[1] 达娃扎西 李素娟[1] 索郎德吉[1] 马啸 ZHANG Deng-cheng;XIE Bo-rong;PU BU Zhuo-ma;ZHANG Qiang;YANG Zong;ZHAO Yu;DA WA Zha-xi;LI Su-juan;SUO LANG De-ji;MA Xiao(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa,Tibet 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第1期32-36,61,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群尿液中13种重金属的内暴露水平及其分布特点。方法2017年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,在拉萨市城关区和堆龙德庆区的一般人群中抽取288名调查对象,收集274份尿液样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测铅、汞、镉等13种重金属含量。两独立样本的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多个独立样本的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群中尿液重金属含量几何均数、P_(95)分别为:尿铬1.08、22.19μg/L;尿锰0.71、7.76μg/L;尿钴0.30、2.23μg/L;尿镍1.61、11.16μg/L;尿砷16.44、50.63μg/L;尿硒9.13、30.87μg/L;尿钼47.55、144.72μg/L;尿镉0.35、2.36μg/L;尿锡0.33、2.01μg/L;尿锑0.09、0.40μg/L;尿铊0.22、0.64μg/L;尿铅1.71、7.84μg/L;尿汞0.47、6.87μg/L。尿液中部分重金属含量在性别、年龄、居住环境间的差异有统计学意义。与我国其他地区相比,西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群尿Cr、Hg含量较高,尿Sn、Sb含量较低。结论本研究报道了拉萨市一般人群尿液中13种重金属的含量和分布特点,并揭示了其地域独特性,也为进一步开展西藏地区人群重金属的生物监测等研究提供了基础数据。Objective To understand the internal exposure levels of 13 kinds of heavy metals in urine of general population in Lhasa City,Tibet Autonomous Region,and to analyze their distribution characteristics.Methods In 2017,a total of 288 respondents from general population in Chengguan District and Duilong Deqing District of Lhasa City were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling.274 urine samples were collected,and the contents of 13 heavy metals such as lead,mercury and cadmium were detected by ICP-MS.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of two independent samples,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the comparison of multiple independent samples.Results The geometric mean and 95%digits of urinary heavy metal load in Lhasa City,Tibet Autonomous Region were as follows:urinary chromium 1.08,22.19μg/L;urinary manganese 0.71,7.76μg/L;urinary cobalt 0.30,2.23μg/L;urinary nickel 1.61,11.16μg/L;urinary arsenic 16.44,50.63μg/L;urinary selenium 9.13,30.87μg/L;urinary molybdenum 47.55,144.72μg/L;urinary cadmium 0.35,2.36μg/L;urinary tin 0.33,2.01μg/L;urinary antimony 0.09,0.40μg/L;urinary thallium 0.22,0.64μg/L;urinary lead 1.71,7.84μg/L;urinary mercury.0.47,6.87μg/L.Some of them had statistical differences in sex,age and living environment.Compared with other regions in China,urinary Cr and Hg levels were higher and urinary Sn and Sb levels were lower in the general population of Lhasa,Tibet Autonomous Region.Conclusion This study reported the content and distribution characteristics of 13 heavy metals in urine of general population of Lhasa and revealed their geographical uniqueness.It provides basic data for further studies such as biomonitoring of heavy metals in the Tibetan population.

关 键 词：重金属 尿液 西藏 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]