基于危险化学品重大危险源辨识分级的大型油储库外部安全防护距离研究  

Study on External Safety Protection Distance of Large Oil Storage based on Identification and Classification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals

作　　者：邵爱新 孙宁 张晓曦 宋相杰 宋文华[4] Shao Aixin;Sun Ning;Zhang Xiaoxi;Song Xiangjie;Song Wenhua(Tianjin Fire Rescue Bureau,Tianjing 300090,China;Tianjin Sanhe Zhongcheng Petroleum.Products Sales Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 301608,China;Tianjin Huateng Technology Safety Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300384,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市消防救援总队,天津300090 [2]天津三和众诚石油制品销售有限公司,天津301608 [3]天津市华腾理工安全科技咨询有限公司,天津300384 [4]天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期81-89,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(10ZCGYSF01600);天津市科技重大专项与工程(16ZXHLSF00290)。

摘　　要：依据危险化学品重大危险源辨识与分级和外部安全防护距离的确定方法,对选择案例大型石油库在识别与分级基础之上,在给定泄漏模式、灾害模式的条件下,利用区域定量风险评估方法(CASST-QRA),进行事故后果、社会与个人风险及外部安全防护距离评估的结果表明:案例企业存储罐区10个储存单元均构成危险化学品重大危险源;其中,3个一级重大危险源,三级重大危险源4个,四级重大危险源3个.容器整体破裂的池火模拟结果,最严重事故死亡半径160m.重伤半径186m,轻伤半径256m;中孔泄漏池火模拟结果.最严重事故死亡半径46 m.重伤半径32 m、轻伤半径27 m.一级风险对应的外部安全防护距离主要包括罐区及本厂区部分办公楼,未超出厂界范围;二级风险对应外部安全防护距离主要包括本厂区、火车卸车栈台及邻厂储罐、办公楼;三级风险对应外部安全防护距离包括本厂区、火车卸车栈台及邻厂储罐和办公楼.According to the method of major hazard identification and classification of hazardous chemicals, the hazard identification and classification of the selected large oil depot was gived. Then, the regional quantitative risk assessment method(casst-qra) was used to assess the accident consequences, social and personal risks and external safety protection distance under the conditions of given leakage mode and disaster mode. The results show that the 10 storage units in the storage tank farm of the case enterprise constitute a major hazard source of hazardous chemicals. Among them, there are 3 classⅠmajor hazard sources, 4 classⅢmajor hazard sources and 3 class Ⅳ major hazard sources. The pool fire simulation results of the overall rupture of the container show that the death radius of the most serious accident is 160 m,the serious injury radius is 186 m and the minor injury radius is 256 m. According to the simulation results of pool fire caused by medium hole leakage, the death radius of the most serious accident is 46 m,the serious injury radius is 32 m and the minor injury radius is 27 m. The external safety protection distance corresponding to levelⅠrisk includes the tank farm and some office buildings in the plant area,which do not exceed the plant boundary;The external safety protection distance corresponding to levelⅡrisk includes the plant area of the plant, train unloading stack, external adjacent plant storage tanks and office buildings. The external safety protection distance corresponding to level Ⅲ risk includes the plant area of the plant, train unloading stack, external adjacent plant storage tanks and office buildings.

关 键 词：重大危险源 中孔泄漏 容器整体破裂 池火 外部安全防护距离 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]