钙钛矿结构SOFC阴极材料的研究进展  

The Research Progress for Perovskite-structure SOFC Cathode Materials

作　　者：余剑峰 罗凌虹 程亮 徐序 王乐莹 余永志 夏昌奎 YU Jianfeng;LUO Linghong;CHENG Liang;XU Xu;WANG Leying;YU Yongzhi;XIA Changkui(Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Materials and Devices,Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute,Jingdezhen 333403,Jiangxi,China;Hangzhou Nabel Group Company Limited,Hangzhou 311100,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷大学江西省燃料电池材料与器件重点实验室,江西景德镇333403 [2]杭州诺贝尔陶瓷有限公司,杭州311100

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第2期7-17,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51662015;51802132;51762026);江西省教育厅科技落地计划(KJLD13072)

摘　　要：电化学反应能直接将固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中的化学能转换成电能,具有能量转化效率高、环境友好等优点,被认为是极具发展前途的新型高效能源发电技术。早期SOFC工作温度一般在800℃以上,这导致电池寿命缩短、材料成本增加。因此,低温化研发的推进有利于加快SOFC商品化的步伐,而其关键在于开发高性能的阴极材料。然而,工作温度的降低使得电池各组件的欧姆阻抗和极化阻抗急剧增大,尤其是阴极材料。因此,制备氧裂解催化性能高、极化阻抗低和化学稳定性好的阴极材料是提高SOFC电化学性能和长期稳定性的有效途径。大量研究从阴极材料的组成和微观结构入手,以改善传统阴极材料的电化学性能并开发出新型高性能阴极材料,取得了丰硕的成果。而高性能阴极材料之所以还未能实现实际应用,主要受制于其会与电解质反应、CO_(2)污染、相变引起的结构不稳定、与电解质膨胀系数相差大引起的不匹配等问题。进一步研究发现,通过引入相容性好的材料作为阻挡层能够阻碍其与电解质发生反应;优化阴极粉体制备工艺、降低焙烧温度可缓解CO_(2)污染问题;过渡金属元素掺杂可以有效控制阴极材料的相变;在阴极材料中引入膨胀系数较小的电解质材料可以改善其与电解质的匹配性。本文从组成和微观结构的角度,综述了近年来钙钛矿结构SOFC阴极材料的研究进展,并简要分析了阴极材料的组成、微观结构与性能的关系,对今后阴极材料的性能优化和新型阴极材料的开发进行了展望。Due to several attractive advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness,solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is regarded as excellent energy generation technology,which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy by means of electrochemical reaction.However,the operating temperature of above 800℃for early SOFC leads to short life and high cost.Therefore,it is very essential to reduce the operation temperature,thus accelerating the commercialization of SOFC technology.Among various methods,the key is to develop high-performance cathode materials operated at low temperature.As a matter of fact,the ohmic and polarization resistance of each cell component increase sharply with the decreasing temperature,especially to the cathode materials.Therefore,preparing the cathode materials with highly oxygen-dissociated catalytic performance,lowly cathodic polarization impedance and excellently chemical stability is one of the most effective ways to improve the electrochemical properties and long-term stability of SOFC.Many efforts have been made to optimize the composition of cathode materials and microstructure of electrode to improve the electrochemical properties and develop new materials.Up to now,lots of significant results have been achieved.Owing to the limitation of the reaction between cathode and electrolyte,CO2contamination,unstable phase transition,and the expansion coefficient mismatch with electrolyte,the high-performance cathode materials have not been used in practice so far.The further research findings reveal that the problems mentioned above can be solved by different strategies.For example,introducing compatible materials as barrier layer can hamper or even avoid the reaction between cathode and electrolyte,optimizing the preparation process of cathode powder and reducing the baking temperature of cathode can restrict the CO_(2) contamination,doping with the transition metal element can efficiently stabilize the phase transformation of cathode mater

关 键 词：钙钛矿 固体氧化物燃料电池 阴极材料 电化学性能 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]